import contextlib
import copy
import email.message
import errno
import functools
import inspect
import json
import os
import stat
import types
from collections.abc import (
    AsyncIterator,
    Awaitable,
    Callable,
    Collection,
    Coroutine,
    Generator,
    Iterator,
    Mapping,
    Sequence,
)
from contextlib import (
    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
    AbstractContextManager,
    AsyncExitStack,
    asynccontextmanager,
)
from contextvars import ContextVar
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum, IntEnum
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    Literal,
    Protocol,
    TypeVar,
    cast,
)

import anyio
from annotated_doc import Doc
from anyio.abc import ObjectReceiveStream
from fastapi import params
from fastapi._compat import (
    ModelField,
    Undefined,
    lenient_issubclass,
)
from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
    _should_embed_body_fields,
    get_body_field,
    get_dependant,
    get_flat_dependant,
    get_parameterless_sub_dependant,
    get_stream_item_type,
    get_typed_return_annotation,
    solve_dependencies,
)
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from fastapi.exceptions import (
    EndpointContext,
    FastAPIError,
    RequestValidationError,
    ResponseValidationError,
    WebSocketRequestValidationError,
)
from fastapi.sse import (
    _PING_INTERVAL,
    KEEPALIVE_COMMENT,
    EventSourceResponse,
    ServerSentEvent,
    format_sse_event,
)
from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx
from fastapi.utils import (
    create_model_field,
    generate_unique_id,
    get_value_or_default,
    is_body_allowed_for_status_code,
)
from starlette import routing
from starlette._exception_handler import wrap_app_handling_exceptions
from starlette._utils import get_route_path, is_async_callable
from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool, run_in_threadpool
from starlette.datastructures import URL, FormData, URLPath
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import (
    JSONResponse,
    PlainTextResponse,
    RedirectResponse,
    Response,
    StreamingResponse,
)
from starlette.routing import (
    BaseRoute,
    Match,
    NoMatchFound,
    compile_path,
    get_name,
)
from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount  # noqa
from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
from starlette.types import AppType, ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
from typing_extensions import deprecated


# Copy of starlette.routing.request_response modified to include the
# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
def request_response(
    func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
) -> ASGIApp:
    """
    Takes a function or coroutine `func(request) -> response`,
    and returns an ASGI application.
    """
    f: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]] = (
        func  # type: ignore[assignment]
        if is_async_callable(func)
        else functools.partial(run_in_threadpool, func)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
    )  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]

    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        request = Request(scope, receive, send)

        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
            # Starts customization
            response_awaited = False
            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
                    response = await f(request)
                await response(scope, receive, send)
                # Continues customization
                response_awaited = True
            if not response_awaited:
                raise FastAPIError(
                    "Response not awaited. There's a high chance that the "
                    "application code is raising an exception and a dependency with yield "
                    "has a block with a bare except, or a block with except Exception, "
                    "and is not raising the exception again. Read more about it in the "
                    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-except"
                )

        # Same as in Starlette
        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, request)(scope, receive, send)

    return app


# Copy of starlette.routing.websocket_session modified to include the
# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
def websocket_session(
    func: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
) -> ASGIApp:
    """
    Takes a coroutine `func(session)`, and returns an ASGI application.
    """
    # assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func), "WebSocket endpoints must be async"

    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        session = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)

        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
                    await func(session)

        # Same as in Starlette
        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, session)(scope, receive, send)

    return app


_T = TypeVar("_T")


# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
class _AsyncLiftContextManager(AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T]):
    """
    Wraps a synchronous context manager to make it async.

    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
    """

    def __init__(self, cm: AbstractContextManager[_T]) -> None:
        self._cm = cm

    async def __aenter__(self) -> _T:
        return self._cm.__enter__()

    async def __aexit__(
        self,
        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
        exc_value: BaseException | None,
        traceback: types.TracebackType | None,
    ) -> bool | None:
        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)


# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
def _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(
    lifespan_context: Callable[[Any], Generator[Any, Any, Any]],
) -> Callable[[Any], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]]:
    """
    Wrap a generator-based lifespan context into an async context manager.

    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
    """
    cmgr = contextlib.contextmanager(lifespan_context)

    @functools.wraps(cmgr)
    def wrapper(app: Any) -> _AsyncLiftContextManager[Any]:
        return _AsyncLiftContextManager(cmgr(app))

    return wrapper


def _merge_lifespan_context(
    original_context: Lifespan[Any], nested_context: Lifespan[Any]
) -> Lifespan[Any]:
    @asynccontextmanager
    async def merged_lifespan(
        app: AppType,
    ) -> AsyncIterator[Mapping[str, Any] | None]:
        async with original_context(app) as maybe_original_state:
            async with nested_context(app) as maybe_nested_state:
                if maybe_nested_state is None and maybe_original_state is None:
                    yield None  # old ASGI compatibility
                else:
                    yield {**(maybe_nested_state or {}), **(maybe_original_state or {})}

    return merged_lifespan  # type: ignore[return-value]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]


class _DefaultLifespan:
    """
    Default lifespan context manager that runs on_startup and on_shutdown handlers.

    This is a copy of the Starlette _DefaultLifespan class that was removed
    in Starlette. FastAPI keeps it to maintain backward compatibility with
    on_startup and on_shutdown event handlers.

    Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
    """

    def __init__(self, router: "APIRouter") -> None:
        self._router = router

    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
        await self._router._startup()

    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
        await self._router._shutdown()

    def __call__(self: _T, app: object) -> _T:
        return self


# Cache for endpoint context to avoid re-extracting on every request
_endpoint_context_cache: dict[int, EndpointContext] = {}


def _extract_endpoint_context(func: Any) -> EndpointContext:
    """Extract endpoint context with caching to avoid repeated file I/O."""
    func_id = id(func)

    if func_id in _endpoint_context_cache:
        return _endpoint_context_cache[func_id]

    try:
        ctx: EndpointContext = {}

        if (source_file := inspect.getsourcefile(func)) is not None:
            ctx["file"] = source_file
        if (line_number := inspect.getsourcelines(func)[1]) is not None:
            ctx["line"] = line_number
        if (func_name := getattr(func, "__name__", None)) is not None:
            ctx["function"] = func_name
    except Exception:
        ctx = EndpointContext()

    _endpoint_context_cache[func_id] = ctx
    return ctx


async def serialize_response(
    *,
    field: ModelField | None = None,
    response_content: Any,
    include: IncEx | None = None,
    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    by_alias: bool = True,
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
    is_coroutine: bool = True,
    endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
    dump_json: bool = False,
) -> Any:
    if field:
        if is_coroutine:
            value, errors = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",))
        else:
            value, errors = await run_in_threadpool(
                field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",)
            )
        if errors:
            ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
            raise ResponseValidationError(
                errors=errors,
                body=response_content,
                endpoint_ctx=ctx,
            )
        serializer = field.serialize_json if dump_json else field.serialize
        return serializer(
            value,
            include=include,
            exclude=exclude,
            by_alias=by_alias,
            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
            exclude_none=exclude_none,
        )

    else:
        return jsonable_encoder(response_content)


async def run_endpoint_function(
    *, dependant: Dependant, values: dict[str, Any], is_coroutine: bool
) -> Any:
    # Only called by get_request_handler. Has been split into its own function to
    # facilitate profiling endpoints, since inner functions are harder to profile.
    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"

    if is_coroutine:
        return await dependant.call(**values)
    else:
        return await run_in_threadpool(dependant.call, **values)


def _build_response_args(
    *, status_code: int | None, solved_result: Any
) -> dict[str, Any]:
    response_args: dict[str, Any] = {
        "background": solved_result.background_tasks,
    }
    # If status_code was set, use it, otherwise use the default from the
    # response class, in the case of redirect it's 307
    current_status_code = (
        status_code if status_code else solved_result.response.status_code
    )
    if current_status_code is not None:
        response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code
    if solved_result.response.status_code:
        response_args["status_code"] = solved_result.response.status_code
    return response_args


def get_request_handler(
    dependant: Dependant,
    body_field: ModelField | None = None,
    status_code: int | None = None,
    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
    response_field: ModelField | None = None,
    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None,
    is_json_stream: bool = False,
) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
    is_coroutine = dependant.is_coroutine_callable
    is_body_form = body_field and isinstance(body_field.field_info, params.Form)
    if isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder):
        actual_response_class: type[Response] = response_class.value
    else:
        actual_response_class = response_class
    is_sse_stream = lenient_issubclass(actual_response_class, EventSourceResponse)
    if isinstance(strict_content_type, DefaultPlaceholder):
        actual_strict_content_type: bool = strict_content_type.value
    else:
        actual_strict_content_type = strict_content_type

    async def app(request: Request) -> Response:
        response: Response | None = None
        file_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_middleware_astack")
        assert isinstance(file_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
            "fastapi_middleware_astack not found in request scope"
        )

        # Extract endpoint context for error messages
        endpoint_ctx = (
            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
            if dependant.call
            else EndpointContext()
        )

        if dependant.path:
            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
            mount_path = request.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"{request.method} {mount_path}{dependant.path}"

        # Read body and auto-close files
        try:
            body: Any = None
            if body_field:
                if is_body_form:
                    body = await request.form()
                    file_stack.push_async_callback(body.close)
                else:
                    body_bytes = await request.body()
                    if body_bytes:
                        json_body: Any = Undefined
                        content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type")
                        if not content_type_value:
                            if not actual_strict_content_type:
                                json_body = await request.json()
                        else:
                            message = email.message.Message()
                            message["content-type"] = content_type_value
                            if message.get_content_maintype() == "application":
                                subtype = message.get_content_subtype()
                                if subtype == "json" or subtype.endswith("+json"):
                                    json_body = await request.json()
                        if json_body != Undefined:
                            body = json_body
                        else:
                            body = body_bytes
        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
                [
                    {
                        "type": "json_invalid",
                        "loc": ("body", e.pos),
                        "msg": "JSON decode error",
                        "input": {},
                        "ctx": {"error": e.msg},
                    }
                ],
                body=e.doc,
                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
            )
            raise validation_error from e
        except HTTPException:
            # If a middleware raises an HTTPException, it should be raised again
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            http_error = HTTPException(
                status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body"
            )
            raise http_error from e

        # Solve dependencies and run path operation function, auto-closing dependencies
        errors: list[Any] = []
        async_exit_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
        )
        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
            request=request,
            dependant=dependant,
            body=cast(dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None, body),
            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
        )
        errors = solved_result.errors
        assert dependant.call  # For types
        if not errors:
            # Shared serializer for stream items (JSONL and SSE).
            # Validates against stream_item_field when set, then
            # serializes to JSON bytes.
            def _serialize_data(data: Any) -> bytes:
                if stream_item_field:
                    value, errors_ = stream_item_field.validate(
                        data, {}, loc=("response",)
                    )
                    if errors_:
                        ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
                        raise ResponseValidationError(
                            errors=errors_,
                            body=data,
                            endpoint_ctx=ctx,
                        )
                    return stream_item_field.serialize_json(
                        value,
                        include=response_model_include,
                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
                    )
                else:
                    data = jsonable_encoder(data)
                    return json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8")

            if is_sse_stream:
                # Generator endpoint: stream as Server-Sent Events
                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)

                def _serialize_sse_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
                    if isinstance(item, ServerSentEvent):
                        # User controls the event structure.
                        # Serialize the data payload if present.
                        # For ServerSentEvent items we skip stream_item_field
                        # validation (the user may mix types intentionally).
                        if item.raw_data is not None:
                            data_str: str | None = item.raw_data
                        elif item.data is not None:
                            if hasattr(item.data, "model_dump_json"):
                                data_str = item.data.model_dump_json()
                            else:
                                data_str = json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(item.data))
                        else:
                            data_str = None
                        return format_sse_event(
                            data_str=data_str,
                            event=item.event,
                            id=item.id,
                            retry=item.retry,
                            comment=item.comment,
                        )
                    else:
                        # Plain object: validate + serialize via
                        # stream_item_field (if set) and wrap in data field
                        return format_sse_event(
                            data_str=_serialize_data(item).decode("utf-8")
                        )

                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
                    sse_aiter: AsyncIterator[Any] = gen.__aiter__()
                else:
                    sse_aiter = iterate_in_threadpool(gen)

                @asynccontextmanager
                async def _sse_producer_cm() -> AsyncIterator[
                    ObjectReceiveStream[bytes]
                ]:
                    # Use a memory stream to decouple generator iteration
                    # from the keepalive timer. A producer task pulls items
                    # from the generator independently, so
                    # `anyio.fail_after` never wraps the generator's
                    # `__anext__` directly - avoiding CancelledError that
                    # would finalize the generator and also working for sync
                    # generators running in a thread pool.
                    #
                    # This context manager is entered on the request-scoped
                    # AsyncExitStack so its __aexit__ (which cancels the
                    # task group) is called by the exit stack after the
                    # streaming response completes — not by async generator
                    # finalization via GeneratorExit.
                    # Ref: https://peps.python.org/pep-0789/
                    send_stream, receive_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
                        bytes
                    ](max_buffer_size=1)

                    async def _producer() -> None:
                        async with send_stream:
                            async for raw_item in sse_aiter:
                                await send_stream.send(_serialize_sse_item(raw_item))

                    send_keepalive, receive_keepalive = (
                        anyio.create_memory_object_stream[bytes](max_buffer_size=1)
                    )

                    async def _keepalive_inserter() -> None:
                        """Read from the producer and forward to the output,
                        inserting keepalive comments on timeout."""
                        async with send_keepalive, receive_stream:
                            try:
                                while True:
                                    try:
                                        with anyio.fail_after(_PING_INTERVAL):
                                            data = await receive_stream.receive()
                                        await send_keepalive.send(data)
                                    except TimeoutError:
                                        await send_keepalive.send(KEEPALIVE_COMMENT)
                            except anyio.EndOfStream:
                                pass

                    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
                        tg.start_soon(_producer)
                        tg.start_soon(_keepalive_inserter)
                        yield receive_keepalive
                        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()

                # Enter the SSE context manager on the request-scoped
                # exit stack. The stack outlives the streaming response,
                # so __aexit__ runs via proper structured teardown, not
                # via GeneratorExit thrown into an async generator.
                sse_receive_stream = await async_exit_stack.enter_async_context(
                    _sse_producer_cm()
                )
                # Ensure the receive stream is closed when the exit stack
                # unwinds, preventing ResourceWarning from __del__.
                async_exit_stack.push_async_callback(sse_receive_stream.aclose)

                async def _sse_with_checkpoints(
                    stream: ObjectReceiveStream[bytes],
                ) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
                    async for data in stream:
                        yield data
                        # Guarantee a checkpoint so cancellation can be
                        # delivered even when the producer is faster than
                        # the consumer and receive() never suspends.
                        await anyio.sleep(0)

                sse_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
                    _sse_with_checkpoints(sse_receive_stream)
                )

                response = StreamingResponse(
                    sse_stream_content,
                    media_type="text/event-stream",
                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
                )
                response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
                # For Nginx proxies to not buffer server sent events
                response.headers["X-Accel-Buffering"] = "no"
                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
            elif is_json_stream:
                # Generator endpoint: stream as JSONL
                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)

                def _serialize_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
                    return _serialize_data(item) + b"\n"

                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:

                    async def _async_stream_jsonl() -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
                        async for item in gen:
                            yield _serialize_item(item)
                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
                            await anyio.sleep(0)

                    jsonl_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
                        _async_stream_jsonl()
                    )
                else:

                    def _sync_stream_jsonl() -> Iterator[bytes]:
                        for item in gen:  # ty: ignore[not-iterable]
                            yield _serialize_item(item)

                    jsonl_stream_content = _sync_stream_jsonl()

                response = StreamingResponse(
                    jsonl_stream_content,
                    media_type="application/jsonl",
                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
                )
                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
            elif dependant.is_async_gen_callable or dependant.is_gen_callable:
                # Raw streaming with explicit response_class (e.g. StreamingResponse)
                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:

                    async def _async_stream_raw(
                        async_gen: AsyncIterator[Any],
                    ) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
                        async for chunk in async_gen:
                            yield chunk
                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
                            await anyio.sleep(0)

                    gen = _async_stream_raw(gen)
                response_args = _build_response_args(
                    status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
                )
                response = actual_response_class(content=gen, **response_args)
                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
            else:
                raw_response = await run_endpoint_function(
                    dependant=dependant,
                    values=solved_result.values,
                    is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
                )
                if isinstance(raw_response, Response):
                    if raw_response.background is None:
                        raw_response.background = solved_result.background_tasks
                    response = raw_response
                else:
                    response_args = _build_response_args(
                        status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
                    )
                    # Use the fast path (dump_json) when no custom response
                    # class was set and a response field with a TypeAdapter
                    # exists. Serializes directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic's
                    # Rust core, skipping the intermediate Python dict +
                    # json.dumps() step.
                    use_dump_json = response_field is not None and isinstance(
                        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
                    )
                    content = await serialize_response(
                        field=response_field,
                        response_content=raw_response,
                        include=response_model_include,
                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
                        is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
                        endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
                        dump_json=use_dump_json,
                    )
                    if use_dump_json:
                        response = Response(
                            content=content,
                            media_type="application/json",
                            **response_args,
                        )
                    else:
                        response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
                    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code):
                        response.body = b""
                    response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
        if errors:
            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
                errors, body=body, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx
            )
            raise validation_error

        # Return response
        assert response
        return response

    return app


def get_websocket_app(
    dependant: Dependant,
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
) -> Callable[[WebSocket], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]:
    async def app(websocket: WebSocket) -> None:
        endpoint_ctx = (
            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
            if dependant.call
            else EndpointContext()
        )
        if dependant.path:
            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
            mount_path = websocket.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"WS {mount_path}{dependant.path}"
        async_exit_stack = websocket.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
        )
        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
            request=websocket,
            dependant=dependant,
            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
        )
        if solved_result.errors:
            raise WebSocketRequestValidationError(
                solved_result.errors,
                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
            )
        assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
        await dependant.call(**solved_result.values)

    return app


class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute):
    def __init__(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
        *,
        name: str | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.path = path
        self.endpoint = endpoint
        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
        (
            self.dependant,
            self._flat_dependant,
            self._embed_body_fields,
        ) = _build_dependant_with_parameterless_dependencies(
            path=self.path_format,
            call=self.endpoint,
            dependencies=self.dependencies,
        )
        self.app = websocket_session(
            get_websocket_app(
                dependant=self.dependant,
                dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
                embed_body_fields=self._embed_body_fields,
            )
        )

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
        if match != Match.NONE:
            child_scope["route"] = self
        return match, child_scope


_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY = "fastapi"
_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY = "effective_route_context"
_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY = "frontend_path"
_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_SPECIFICITY_KEY = "frontend_specificity"
_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY = "included_router"
_effective_route_context_var: ContextVar[Any | None] = ContextVar(
    "fastapi_effective_route_context", default=None
)
_SCOPE_MISSING = object()


def _frontend_dependency_endpoint() -> None:
    pass  # pragma: no cover


def _build_dependant_with_parameterless_dependencies(
    *,
    path: str,
    call: Callable[..., Any],
    dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends],
) -> tuple[Dependant, Dependant, bool]:
    dependant = get_dependant(path=path, call=call, scope="function")
    for depends in dependencies[::-1]:
        dependant.dependencies.insert(
            0,
            get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=path),
        )
    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant)
    embed_body_fields = _should_embed_body_fields(flat_dependant.body_params)
    return dependant, flat_dependant, embed_body_fields


class _RouteWithPath(Protocol):
    path: str


def _get_fastapi_scope(scope: Scope) -> dict[str, Any]:
    fastapi_scope = scope.setdefault(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {})
    assert isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict)
    return fastapi_scope


def _update_scope(scope: Scope, child_scope: Scope) -> None:
    fastapi_child_scope = child_scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
    for key, value in child_scope.items():
        if key != _FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY:
            scope[key] = value
    if isinstance(fastapi_child_scope, dict):
        _get_fastapi_scope(scope).update(fastapi_child_scope)


def _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY)


def _get_scope_included_router(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY)


def _frontend_scope_specificity(scope: Scope) -> int | None:
    specificity = scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(
        _FASTAPI_FRONTEND_SPECIFICITY_KEY
    )
    if isinstance(specificity, int):
        return specificity
    return None


def _restore_fastapi_scope_key(scope: Scope, key: str, previous: Any) -> None:
    fastapi_scope = scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
    if not isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict):
        return
    if previous is _SCOPE_MISSING:
        fastapi_scope.pop(key, None)
    else:
        fastapi_scope[key] = previous


class _APIRouteLike(Protocol):
    path: str
    endpoint: Callable[..., Any]
    stream_item_type: Any | None
    response_model: Any
    summary: str | None
    response_description: str
    deprecated: bool | None
    operation_id: str | None
    response_model_include: IncEx | None
    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
    response_model_by_alias: bool
    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
    response_model_exclude_none: bool
    include_in_schema: bool
    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
    tags: list[str | Enum]
    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
    name: str
    path_regex: Any
    path_format: str
    param_convertors: dict[str, Any]
    methods: set[str]
    unique_id: str
    status_code: int | None
    response_field: ModelField | None
    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
    description: str
    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
    dependant: Dependant
    _flat_dependant: Dependant
    _embed_body_fields: bool
    body_field: ModelField | None
    is_sse_stream: bool
    is_json_stream: bool


def _populate_api_route_state(
    route: _APIRouteLike,
    path: str,
    endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
    *,
    response_model: Any = Default(None),
    status_code: int | None = None,
    tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
    dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
    summary: str | None = None,
    description: str | None = None,
    response_description: str = "Successful Response",
    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
    deprecated: bool | None = None,
    name: str | None = None,
    methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
    operation_id: str | None = None,
    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
        generate_unique_id
    ),
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
) -> None:
    route.path = path
    route.endpoint = endpoint
    route.stream_item_type = None
    if isinstance(response_model, DefaultPlaceholder):
        return_annotation = get_typed_return_annotation(endpoint)
        if lenient_issubclass(return_annotation, Response):
            response_model = None
        else:
            stream_item = get_stream_item_type(return_annotation)
            if stream_item is not None:
                # Extract item type for JSONL or SSE streaming when
                # response_class is DefaultPlaceholder (JSONL) or
                # EventSourceResponse (SSE).
                # ServerSentEvent is excluded: it's a transport
                # wrapper, not a data model, so it shouldn't feed
                # into validation or OpenAPI schema generation.
                if (
                    isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder)
                    or lenient_issubclass(response_class, EventSourceResponse)
                ) and not lenient_issubclass(stream_item, ServerSentEvent):
                    route.stream_item_type = stream_item
                response_model = None
            else:
                response_model = return_annotation
    route.response_model = response_model
    route.summary = summary
    route.response_description = response_description
    route.deprecated = deprecated
    route.operation_id = operation_id
    route.response_model_include = response_model_include
    route.response_model_exclude = response_model_exclude
    route.response_model_by_alias = response_model_by_alias
    route.response_model_exclude_unset = response_model_exclude_unset
    route.response_model_exclude_defaults = response_model_exclude_defaults
    route.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none
    route.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
    route.response_class = response_class
    route.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
    route.callbacks = callbacks
    route.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
    route.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
    route.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
    route.tags = tags or []
    route.responses = responses or {}
    route.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
    route.path_regex, route.path_format, route.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
    if methods is None:
        methods = ["GET"]
    route.methods = {method.upper() for method in methods}
    if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder):
        current_generate_unique_id: Callable[[Any], str] = (
            generate_unique_id_function.value
        )
    else:
        current_generate_unique_id = generate_unique_id_function
    route.unique_id = route.operation_id or current_generate_unique_id(route)
    # normalize enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
    if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum):
        status_code = int(status_code)
    route.status_code = status_code
    if route.response_model:
        assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code), (
            f"Status code {status_code} must not have a response body"
        )
        response_name = "Response_" + route.unique_id
        route.response_field = create_model_field(
            name=response_name,
            type_=route.response_model,
            mode="serialization",
        )
    else:
        route.response_field = None
    if route.stream_item_type:
        stream_item_name = "StreamItem_" + route.unique_id
        route.stream_item_field = create_model_field(
            name=stream_item_name,
            type_=route.stream_item_type,
            mode="serialization",
        )
    else:
        route.stream_item_field = None
    route.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
    route.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(route.endpoint.__doc__ or "")
    # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text,
    # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed"
    route.description = route.description.split("\f")[0].strip()
    response_fields = {}
    for additional_status_code, response in route.responses.items():
        assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict"
        model = response.get("model")
        if model:
            assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(additional_status_code), (
                f"Status code {additional_status_code} must not have a response body"
            )
            response_name = f"Response_{additional_status_code}_{route.unique_id}"
            response_field = create_model_field(
                name=response_name, type_=model, mode="serialization"
            )
            response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field
    if response_fields:
        route.response_fields = response_fields
    else:
        route.response_fields = {}

    assert callable(endpoint), "An endpoint must be a callable"
    (
        route.dependant,
        route._flat_dependant,
        route._embed_body_fields,
    ) = _build_dependant_with_parameterless_dependencies(
        path=route.path_format,
        call=route.endpoint,
        dependencies=route.dependencies,
    )
    route.body_field = get_body_field(
        flat_dependant=route._flat_dependant,
        name=route.unique_id,
        embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
    )
    # Detect generator endpoints that should stream as JSONL or SSE
    is_generator = (
        route.dependant.is_async_gen_callable or route.dependant.is_gen_callable
    )
    route.is_sse_stream = is_generator and lenient_issubclass(
        response_class, EventSourceResponse
    )
    route.is_json_stream = is_generator and isinstance(
        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
    )


class APIRoute(routing.Route):
    stream_item_type: Any | None
    response_model: Any
    summary: str | None
    response_description: str
    deprecated: bool | None
    operation_id: str | None
    response_model_include: IncEx | None
    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
    response_model_by_alias: bool
    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
    response_model_exclude_none: bool
    include_in_schema: bool
    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
    tags: list[str | Enum]
    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
    unique_id: str
    status_code: int | None
    response_field: ModelField | None
    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
    description: str
    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
    dependant: Dependant
    _flat_dependant: Dependant
    _embed_body_fields: bool
    body_field: ModelField | None
    is_sse_stream: bool
    is_json_stream: bool

    def __init__(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
        *,
        response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: int | None = None,
        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        summary: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
        deprecated: bool | None = None,
        name: str | None = None,
        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
        operation_id: str | None = None,
        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[["APIRoute"], str]
        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
    ) -> None:
        _populate_api_route_state(
            cast(_APIRouteLike, self),
            path,
            endpoint,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            name=name,
            methods=methods,
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
        )
        self.app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())

    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, self)
        # TODO: Replace or deprecate this no-scope hook so included-route
        # effective context can be passed explicitly instead of via ContextVar.
        effective_context = _effective_route_context_var.get()
        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
            route = cast(_APIRouteLike, effective_context)
        return get_request_handler(
            dependant=route.dependant,
            body_field=route.body_field,
            status_code=route.status_code,
            response_class=route.response_class,
            response_field=route.response_field,
            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
            dependency_overrides_provider=route.dependency_overrides_provider,
            embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
            strict_content_type=route.strict_content_type,
            stream_item_field=route.stream_item_field,
            is_json_stream=route.is_json_stream,
        )

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
            match, child_scope = effective_context.matches(scope)
        else:
            match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
        if match != Match.NONE:
            child_scope["route"] = self
        return match, child_scope

    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
            methods = effective_context.methods
            if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
                headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(methods)}
                if "app" in scope:
                    raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
                response = PlainTextResponse(
                    "Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers
                )
                await response(scope, receive, send)
                return
            token = _effective_route_context_var.set(effective_context)
            try:
                app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
            finally:
                _effective_route_context_var.reset(token)
            await app(scope, receive, send)
            return
        await super().handle(scope, receive, send)


@dataclass
class _RouterIncludeContext:
    included_router: "APIRouter"
    prefix: str = ""
    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
    default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
    )
    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] = field(default_factory=list)
    deprecated: bool | None = None
    include_in_schema: bool = True
    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
    )
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
    )
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None

    @classmethod
    def for_include(
        cls,
        *,
        parent_router: "APIRouter",
        included_router: "APIRouter",
        prefix: str = "",
        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
            JSONResponse
        ),
        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
        deprecated: bool | None = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
        return cls(
            included_router=included_router,
            prefix=parent_router.prefix + prefix,
            tags=[*parent_router.tags, *(tags or [])],
            dependencies=[*parent_router.dependencies, *(dependencies or [])],
            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
                default_response_class, parent_router.default_response_class
            ),
            responses={**parent_router.responses, **(responses or {})},
            callbacks=[*parent_router.callbacks, *(callbacks or [])],
            deprecated=deprecated or parent_router.deprecated,
            include_in_schema=parent_router.include_in_schema and include_in_schema,
            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
                generate_unique_id_function, parent_router.generate_unique_id_function
            ),
            strict_content_type=parent_router.strict_content_type,
            dependency_overrides_provider=parent_router.dependency_overrides_provider,
        )

    def combine(
        self, child_context: "_RouterIncludeContext"
    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
        return _RouterIncludeContext(
            included_router=child_context.included_router,
            prefix=self.prefix + child_context.prefix,
            tags=[*self.tags, *child_context.tags],
            dependencies=[*self.dependencies, *child_context.dependencies],
            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
                child_context.default_response_class, self.default_response_class
            ),
            responses={**self.responses, **child_context.responses},
            callbacks=[*self.callbacks, *child_context.callbacks],
            deprecated=self.deprecated or child_context.deprecated,
            include_in_schema=self.include_in_schema
            and child_context.include_in_schema,
            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
                child_context.generate_unique_id_function,
                self.generate_unique_id_function,
            ),
            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
                child_context.strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
            ),
            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
        )

    def path_for(self, route: _RouteWithPath) -> str:
        return self.prefix + route.path


@dataclass
class _EffectiveRouteContext:
    original_route: BaseRoute
    starlette_route: BaseRoute | None = None
    frontend_prefix: str = ""
    path: str = ""
    endpoint: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
    stream_item_type: Any | None = None
    response_model: Any = None
    summary: str | None = None
    response_description: str = "Successful Response"
    deprecated: bool | None = None
    operation_id: str | None = None
    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None
    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None
    response_model_by_alias: bool = True
    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False
    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False
    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False
    include_in_schema: bool = True
    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
    )
    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None
    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None
    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
    )
    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
    )
    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
    name: str = ""
    path_regex: Any = None
    path_format: str = ""
    param_convertors: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
    methods: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
    unique_id: str = ""
    status_code: int | None = None
    response_field: ModelField | None = None
    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None
    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str = ""
    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField] = field(default_factory=dict)
    dependant: Dependant | None = None
    _flat_dependant: Dependant | None = None
    _embed_body_fields: bool = False
    body_field: ModelField | None = None
    is_sse_stream: bool = False
    is_json_stream: bool = False

    @classmethod
    def from_api_route(
        cls,
        *,
        original_route: APIRoute,
        include_context: _RouterIncludeContext,
    ) -> "_EffectiveRouteContext":
        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, original_route)
        context = cls(original_route=original_route)
        _populate_api_route_state(
            cast(_APIRouteLike, context),
            include_context.path_for(original_route),
            route.endpoint,
            response_model=route.response_model,
            status_code=route.status_code,
            tags=[*include_context.tags, *route.tags],
            dependencies=[*include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
            summary=route.summary,
            description=route.description,
            response_description=route.response_description,
            responses={**include_context.responses, **route.responses},
            deprecated=route.deprecated or include_context.deprecated,
            methods=route.methods,
            operation_id=route.operation_id,
            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema
            and include_context.include_in_schema,
            response_class=get_value_or_default(
                route.response_class,
                include_context.included_router.default_response_class,
                include_context.default_response_class,
            ),
            name=route.name,
            dependency_overrides_provider=include_context.dependency_overrides_provider,
            callbacks=[*include_context.callbacks, *(route.callbacks or [])],
            openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
                route.generate_unique_id_function,
                include_context.included_router.generate_unique_id_function,
                include_context.generate_unique_id_function,
            ),
            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
                route.strict_content_type,
                include_context.included_router.strict_content_type,
                include_context.strict_content_type,
            ),
        )
        return context

    @classmethod
    def from_frontend_route_group(
        cls,
        *,
        original_route: "_FrontendRouteGroup",
        include_context: _RouterIncludeContext,
    ) -> "_EffectiveRouteContext":
        dependencies = [*include_context.dependencies, *original_route.dependencies]
        context = cls(
            original_route=original_route,
            frontend_prefix=include_context.prefix,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            dependency_overrides_provider=include_context.dependency_overrides_provider,
        )
        (
            context.dependant,
            context._flat_dependant,
            context._embed_body_fields,
        ) = _build_dependant_with_parameterless_dependencies(
            path="",
            call=_frontend_dependency_endpoint,
            dependencies=dependencies,
        )
        return context

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        if isinstance(self.original_route, _FrontendRouteGroup):
            return self.original_route.matches_with_prefix(scope, self.frontend_prefix)
        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
            assert self.starlette_route is not None
            return self.starlette_route.matches(scope)
        if scope["type"] != "http":
            return Match.NONE, {}
        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
        match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
        if not match:
            return Match.NONE, {}
        matched_params = match.groupdict()
        for key, value in matched_params.items():
            matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
        path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
        path_params.update(matched_params)
        child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
        methods = self.methods
        if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
        return Match.FULL, child_scope

    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
            assert self.starlette_route is not None
            return self.starlette_route.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
        param_convertors = self.param_convertors
        expected_params = set(param_convertors.keys())
        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
            raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
        path, remaining_params = routing.replace_params(
            self.path_format, param_convertors, path_params
        )
        assert not remaining_params
        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="http")


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class RouteContext:
    route: BaseRoute
    _route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = field(default=None, repr=False)

    @property
    def original_route(self) -> BaseRoute:
        if self._route_context is not None:
            return self._route_context.original_route
        return self.route

    @property
    def _effective_route(self) -> BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext:
        if self._route_context is not None:
            return self._route_context
        return self.route

    @property
    def path(self) -> str | None:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path", None)

    @property
    def path_format(self) -> str | None:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path_format", None)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str | None:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, "name", None)

    @property
    def methods(self) -> set[str] | None:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, "methods", None)

    @property
    def endpoint(self) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, "endpoint", None)

    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
        return getattr(self._effective_route, name)


@dataclass
class _IncludedRouter(BaseRoute):
    original_router: "APIRouter"
    include_context: _RouterIncludeContext
    _effective_candidates: list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"] = field(
        default_factory=list
    )
    _effective_candidates_version: int | None = None
    _effective_low_priority_routes: list["_EffectiveRouteContext"] = field(
        default_factory=list
    )
    _effective_low_priority_routes_version: int | None = None

    def effective_candidates(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"]:
        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
        if routes_version == self._effective_candidates_version:
            return self._effective_candidates
        self._effective_candidates = []
        candidates = self.original_router.routes
        for route in candidates:
            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
                    original_router=route.original_router,
                    include_context=child_context,
                )
                self._effective_candidates.append(child_branch)
                continue
            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
            if route_context is not None:
                self._effective_candidates.append(route_context)
        self._effective_candidates_version = routes_version
        return self._effective_candidates

    def effective_low_priority_routes(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext"]:
        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
        if routes_version == self._effective_low_priority_routes_version:
            return self._effective_low_priority_routes
        self._effective_low_priority_routes = []
        for route in self.original_router._low_priority_routes:
            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
            if route_context is not None:
                self._effective_low_priority_routes.append(route_context)
        for route in self.original_router.routes:
            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
                    original_router=route.original_router,
                    include_context=child_context,
                )
                self._effective_low_priority_routes.extend(
                    child_branch.effective_low_priority_routes()
                )
        self._effective_low_priority_routes_version = routes_version
        return self._effective_low_priority_routes

    def _build_effective_context(
        self, route: BaseRoute
    ) -> _EffectiveRouteContext | None:
        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):
            return _EffectiveRouteContext.from_api_route(
                original_route=route,
                include_context=self.include_context,
            )
        if isinstance(route, _FrontendRouteGroup):
            return _EffectiveRouteContext.from_frontend_route_group(
                original_route=route,
                include_context=self.include_context,
            )
        if isinstance(route, routing.Route):
            starlette_route: BaseRoute = routing.Route(
                self.include_context.path_for(route),
                endpoint=route.endpoint,
                methods=list(route.methods or []),
                name=route.name,
                include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema,
            )
            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
                original_route=route,
                starlette_route=starlette_route,
            )
        if isinstance(route, APIWebSocketRoute):
            starlette_route = APIWebSocketRoute(
                self.include_context.path_for(route),
                endpoint=route.endpoint,
                name=route.name,
                dependencies=[*self.include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
                dependency_overrides_provider=(
                    self.include_context.dependency_overrides_provider
                ),
            )
            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
                original_route=route,
                starlette_route=starlette_route,
            )
        if isinstance(route, routing.WebSocketRoute):
            starlette_route = routing.WebSocketRoute(
                self.include_context.path_for(route), route.endpoint, name=route.name
            )
            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
                original_route=route,
                starlette_route=starlette_route,
            )
        if isinstance(route, routing.Mount):
            starlette_route = copy.copy(route)
            starlette_route.path = self.include_context.path_for(route).rstrip("/")
            (
                starlette_route.path_regex,
                starlette_route.path_format,
                starlette_route.param_convertors,
            ) = compile_path(starlette_route.path + "/{path:path}")
            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
                original_route=route,
                starlette_route=starlette_route,
            )
        if isinstance(route, routing.Host):
            if self.include_context.prefix:
                prefixed_app: ASGIApp = routing.Router(
                    routes=[routing.Mount(self.include_context.prefix, app=route.app)]
                )
            else:
                prefixed_app = route.app
            starlette_route = routing.Host(
                route.host, app=prefixed_app, name=route.name
            )
            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
                original_route=route,
                starlette_route=starlette_route,
            )
        return None

    def _match(
        self, scope: Scope
    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
                route: BaseRoute = candidate
                route_context = None
            elif isinstance(candidate.original_route, APIRoute):
                route_context = candidate
                fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
                previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
                    _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
                )
                fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
                try:
                    match, child_scope = candidate.original_route.matches(scope)
                finally:
                    _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
                        scope, _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, previous_context
                    )
                route = candidate.original_route
            else:
                route_context = candidate
                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
                route = candidate.starlette_route or candidate.original_route
            if match == Match.FULL:
                return match, child_scope, route, route_context
            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
                partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
        if partial is not None:
            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
        previous_router = fastapi_scope.get(
            _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
        )
        fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
        try:
            match, _ = self.original_router.matches(scope)
            return match, {}
        finally:
            _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
                scope, _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, previous_router
            )

    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
        await self.original_router.handle(scope, receive, send)

    async def _handle_selected(
        self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send
    ) -> None:
        match, child_scope, route, effective_context = self._match(scope)
        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
            await self.original_router.default(scope, receive, send)
            return
        scope.update(child_scope)
        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
            return
        if effective_context is not None:
            _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
                effective_context
            )
            original_route = effective_context.original_route
            if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
                scope["route"] = original_route
                await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
                return
        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)

    def effective_route_contexts(self) -> Iterator[_EffectiveRouteContext]:
        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
                yield from candidate.effective_route_contexts()
            else:
                yield candidate

    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
        for route_context in self.effective_route_contexts():
            try:
                return route_context.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
            except routing.NoMatchFound:
                pass
        raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)


def _iter_included_route_candidates(routes: Sequence[BaseRoute]) -> Iterator[BaseRoute]:
    for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(routes):
        if route_context is not None and route_context.starlette_route is not None:
            yield route_context.starlette_route
        else:
            yield route


def iter_route_contexts(
    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | RouteContext],
) -> Iterator[RouteContext]:
    for route in routes:
        if isinstance(route, RouteContext):
            yield route
            continue
        for original_route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context([route]):
            if route_context is None:
                yield RouteContext(original_route)
            else:
                yield RouteContext(original_route, route_context)


def _iter_routes_with_context(
    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute],
) -> Iterator[tuple[BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]]:
    for route in routes:
        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
            for route_context in route.effective_route_contexts():
                yield route_context.original_route, route_context
        else:
            yield route, None


def _normalize_frontend_path(path: str) -> str:
    if not path:
        raise AssertionError("A frontend path cannot be empty")
    if not path.startswith("/"):
        raise AssertionError("A frontend path must start with '/'")
    if path != "/":
        path = path.rstrip("/")
    return path


def _join_frontend_paths(prefix: str, path: str) -> str:
    if not prefix:
        return path
    if path == "/":
        return prefix
    return prefix + path


def _frontend_path_specificity(path: str) -> int:
    if path == "/":
        return 0
    return len(path)


def _get_resolved_absolute_path(path: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
    return os.path.realpath(os.fspath(path))


class _FrontendStaticFiles(StaticFiles):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
        check_dir: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        self.fallback = fallback
        if check_dir and not os.path.isdir(directory):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Frontend directory '{directory}' does not exist. "
                f"Resolved absolute path: '{_get_resolved_absolute_path(directory)}'"
            )
        super().__init__(
            directory=directory,
            html=True,
            check_dir=check_dir,
            follow_symlink=False,
        )
        if check_dir and fallback in {"index.html", "404.html"}:
            self._check_fallback_file(fallback)

    def _check_fallback_file(self, fallback: str) -> None:
        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
            )

    def _get_resolved_directory(self) -> str:
        assert self.directory is not None
        return _get_resolved_absolute_path(self.directory)

    def get_path(self, scope: Scope) -> str:
        path = _get_fastapi_scope(scope).get(_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY, "")
        assert isinstance(path, str)
        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*path.split("/")))

    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> Response:
        if scope["method"] not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
            if await self._lookup_static_resource(path) is not None:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=405)
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)

        static_resource = await self._lookup_static_resource(path)
        if static_resource is not None:
            full_path, stat_result, is_directory_index = static_resource
            if is_directory_index and not scope["path"].endswith("/"):
                url = URL(scope=scope)
                url = url.replace(path=url.path + "/")
                return RedirectResponse(url=url)
            return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)

        if self.fallback == "404.html" or (
            self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("404.html")
        ):
            return await self._fallback_response("404.html", scope, status_code=404)

        if (
            self.fallback == "index.html"
            or (self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("index.html"))
        ) and _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope):
            return await self._fallback_response("index.html", scope, status_code=200)

        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)

    async def _lookup_path(self, path: str) -> tuple[str, os.stat_result | None]:
        try:
            return await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, path)
        except PermissionError:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=401) from None
        except OSError as exc:
            if exc.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None
            raise exc
        except ValueError:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None

    async def _lookup_static_resource(
        self, path: str
    ) -> tuple[str, os.stat_result, bool] | None:
        full_path, stat_result = await self._lookup_path(path)
        if stat_result is None:
            return None
        if stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
            return full_path, stat_result, False
        if stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode):
            index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
            full_path, stat_result = await self._lookup_path(index_path)
            if stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
                return full_path, stat_result, True
        return None

    def _fallback_file_exists(self, fallback: str) -> bool:
        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
        return stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode)

    async def _fallback_response(
        self, fallback: str, scope: Scope, *, status_code: int
    ) -> Response:
        full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, fallback)
        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
            )
        return self.file_response(
            full_path, stat_result, scope, status_code=status_code
        )


def _iter_accept_media_types(accept: str) -> Iterator[tuple[str, float]]:
    for raw_value in accept.split(","):
        message = email.message.Message()
        message["content-type"] = raw_value.strip()
        q = message.get_param("q")
        quality = 1.0
        if isinstance(q, str):
            try:
                quality = float(q)
            except ValueError:
                pass
        yield (
            f"{message.get_content_maintype()}/{message.get_content_subtype()}",
            quality,
        )


def _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope: Scope) -> bool:
    route_path = get_route_path(scope)
    final_segment = route_path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
    if os.path.splitext(final_segment)[1]:
        return False
    request = Request(scope)
    wildcard_accepted = False
    html_rejected = False
    for media_type, quality in _iter_accept_media_types(
        request.headers.get("accept", "")
    ):
        if media_type in {"text/html", "application/xhtml+xml"}:
            if quality == 0:
                html_rejected = True
            else:
                return True
        elif media_type == "*/*" and quality != 0:
            wildcard_accepted = True
    return wildcard_accepted and not html_rejected


class _FrontendRoute(BaseRoute):
    def __init__(
        self,
        path: str,
        *,
        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
        check_dir: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        if fallback not in {"auto", "index.html", "404.html", None}:
            raise AssertionError(
                "fallback must be 'auto', 'index.html', '404.html', or None"
            )
        self.path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
        self.methods = {"GET", "HEAD"}
        self.app = _FrontendStaticFiles(
            directory=directory, fallback=fallback, check_dir=check_dir
        )

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        return self.matches_with_path(scope, self.path)

    def matches_with_path(self, scope: Scope, path: str) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        if scope["type"] != "http":
            return Match.NONE, {}
        frontend_path = self._get_frontend_path(path, get_route_path(scope))
        if frontend_path is None:
            return Match.NONE, {}
        child_scope = {
            _FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY: {
                _FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY: frontend_path,
                _FASTAPI_FRONTEND_SPECIFICITY_KEY: _frontend_path_specificity(path),
            }
        }
        if scope["method"] not in self.methods:
            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
        return Match.FULL, child_scope

    def _get_frontend_path(self, path: str, route_path: str) -> str | None:
        if path == "/":
            return route_path.lstrip("/")
        if route_path == path:
            return ""
        prefix = path + "/"
        if route_path.startswith(prefix):
            return route_path[len(prefix) :]
        return None

    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        await self.app(scope, receive, send)

    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)


class _FrontendRouteGroup(BaseRoute):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.routes: list[_FrontendRoute] = []
        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
        (
            self.dependant,
            self._flat_dependant,
            self._embed_body_fields,
        ) = _build_dependant_with_parameterless_dependencies(
            path="",
            call=_frontend_dependency_endpoint,
            dependencies=self.dependencies,
        )

    def add_frontend_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        *,
        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
        check_dir: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        self.routes.append(
            _FrontendRoute(
                path,
                directory=directory,
                fallback=fallback,
                check_dir=check_dir,
            )
        )

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        match, child_scope, _ = self._match(scope, prefix="")
        return match, child_scope

    def matches_with_prefix(self, scope: Scope, prefix: str) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        match, child_scope, _ = self._match(scope, prefix=prefix)
        return match, child_scope

    def _match(
        self, scope: Scope, *, prefix: str
    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, _FrontendRoute | None]:
        full: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute, int] | None = None
        partial: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute, int] | None = None
        for route in self.routes:
            path = _join_frontend_paths(prefix, route.path)
            match, child_scope = route.matches_with_path(scope, path)
            specificity = _frontend_path_specificity(path)
            if match == Match.FULL:
                if full is None or specificity > full[2]:
                    full = (child_scope, route, specificity)
            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
                if partial is None or specificity > partial[2]:
                    partial = (child_scope, route, specificity)
        if full is not None:
            child_scope, route, _ = full
            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route
        if partial is not None:
            child_scope, route, _ = partial
            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route
        return Match.NONE, {}, None

    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
        if (
            isinstance(effective_context, _EffectiveRouteContext)
            and effective_context.original_route is self
        ):
            prefix = effective_context.frontend_prefix
            dependant = effective_context.dependant
            dependency_overrides_provider = (
                effective_context.dependency_overrides_provider
            )
            embed_body_fields = effective_context._embed_body_fields
        else:
            prefix = ""
            dependant = self.dependant
            dependency_overrides_provider = self.dependency_overrides_provider
            embed_body_fields = self._embed_body_fields
        match, child_scope, route = self._match(scope, prefix=prefix)
        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
        _update_scope(scope, child_scope)
        if match == Match.FULL and dependant and dependant.dependencies:
            async with self._solve_dependencies(
                scope,
                receive,
                send,
                dependant=dependant,
                dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
                embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
            ):
                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
            return
        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)

    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)

    # TODO: probably move this out of the Route / Route Group, same in APIRoute
    # this should probably be top level FastAPI logic, not part of APIRoute and
    # duplicated here
    @asynccontextmanager
    async def _solve_dependencies(
        self,
        scope: Scope,
        receive: Receive,
        send: Send,
        *,
        dependant: Dependant,
        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None,
        embed_body_fields: bool,
    ) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
        request = Request(scope, receive, send)
        previous_inner_astack = scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack", _SCOPE_MISSING)
        previous_function_astack = scope.get("fastapi_function_astack", _SCOPE_MISSING)
        try:
            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
                    solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
                        request=request,
                        dependant=dependant,
                        dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
                        async_exit_stack=request_stack,
                        embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
                    )
                    if solved_result.errors:
                        raise RequestValidationError(solved_result.errors)
                    yield
        finally:
            if previous_inner_astack is _SCOPE_MISSING:
                scope.pop("fastapi_inner_astack", None)
            else:
                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = previous_inner_astack
            if previous_function_astack is _SCOPE_MISSING:
                scope.pop("fastapi_function_astack", None)
            else:
                scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = previous_function_astack


class APIRouter(routing.Router):
    """
    `APIRouter` class, used to group *path operations*, for example to structure
    an app in multiple files. It would then be included in the `FastAPI` app, or
    in another `APIRouter` (ultimately included in the app).

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).

    ## Example

    ```python
    from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

    app = FastAPI()
    router = APIRouter()


    @router.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
    async def read_users():
        return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}]


    app.include_router(router)
    ```
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
                router.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
                *path operations* in this router.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        default_response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                The default response class to be used.

                Read more in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).

                And in the
                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
                router.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        routes: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.

                ---

                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
                """
            ),
            deprecated(
                """
                You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited
                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.

                In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*,
                like `router.get()`, `router.post()`, etc.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        redirect_slashes: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't
                use the same format.
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        default: Annotated[
            ASGIApp | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Default function handler for this router. Used to handle
                404 Not Found errors.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependency_overrides_provider: Annotated[
            Any | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Only used internally by FastAPI to handle dependency overrides.

                You shouldn't need to use it. It normally points to the `FastAPI` app
                object.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        route_class: Annotated[
            type[APIRoute],
            Doc(
                """
                Custom route (*path operation*) class to be used by this router.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Request and APIRoute class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-request-and-route/#custom-apiroute-class-in-a-router).
                """
            ),
        ] = APIRoute,
        on_startup: Annotated[
            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of startup event handler functions.

                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.

                Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        on_shutdown: Annotated[
            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of shutdown event handler functions.

                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.

                Read more in the
                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application
        # which the router cannot know statically, so we use typing.Any
        lifespan: Annotated[
            Lifespan[Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and
                `shutdown` functions with a single context manager.

                Read more in the
                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                To include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
                generated OpenAPI.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
        strict_content_type: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.

                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.

                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).

                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(True),
    ) -> None:
        # Determine the lifespan context to use
        if lifespan is None:
            # Use the default lifespan that runs on_startup/on_shutdown handlers
            lifespan_context: Lifespan[Any] = _DefaultLifespan(self)
        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(lifespan):
            lifespan_context = asynccontextmanager(lifespan)
        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(lifespan):
            lifespan_context = _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(lifespan)
        else:
            lifespan_context = lifespan
        self.lifespan_context = lifespan_context

        super().__init__(
            routes=routes,
            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
            default=default,
            lifespan=lifespan_context,
        )
        if prefix:
            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
            )

        # Handle on_startup/on_shutdown locally since Starlette removed support
        # Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
        # TODO: deprecate this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
        self.on_startup: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
            [] if on_startup is None else list(on_startup)
        )
        self.on_shutdown: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
            [] if on_shutdown is None else list(on_shutdown)
        )

        self.prefix = prefix
        self.tags: list[str | Enum] = tags or []
        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
        self.deprecated = deprecated
        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
        self.responses = responses or {}
        self.callbacks = callbacks or []
        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
        self.route_class = route_class
        self.default_response_class = default_response_class
        self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
        self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
        self._routes_version = 0
        self._low_priority_routes: list[BaseRoute] = []
        self._frontend_routes: _FrontendRouteGroup | None = None

    def _mark_routes_changed(self) -> None:
        self._routes_version += 1

    def _get_routes_version(self, seen: set[int] | None = None) -> int:
        if seen is None:
            seen = set()
        router_id = id(self)
        if router_id in seen:
            return self._routes_version
        seen.add(router_id)
        version = self._routes_version
        for route in self.routes:
            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
                version += route.original_router._get_routes_version(seen)
        return version

    def _contains_router(
        self, router: "APIRouter", seen: set[int] | None = None
    ) -> bool:
        if seen is None:
            seen = set()
        router_id = id(self)
        if router_id in seen:
            return False
        seen.add(router_id)
        for route in self.routes:
            if not isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
                continue
            if route.original_router is router:
                return True
            if route.original_router._contains_router(router, seen):
                return True
        return False

    def add_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
        name: str | None = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        super().add_route(
            path,
            endpoint,
            methods=methods,
            name=name,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        )
        self._mark_routes_changed()

    def add_websocket_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
        name: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().add_websocket_route(path, endpoint, name=name)
        self._mark_routes_changed()

    def frontend(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path prefix where the frontend build should be served.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        directory: Annotated[
            str | os.PathLike[str],
            Doc(
                """
                The directory containing the static frontend build output.
                """
            ),
        ],
        fallback: Annotated[
            Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The fallback file behavior for missing frontend paths.
                """
            ),
        ] = "auto",
        check_dir: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Check that the frontend directory exists when the app is created.
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Serve a static frontend build as low-priority routes.

        Use this for frontend tools that build static files into a directory,
        such as `dist`. **FastAPI** path operations are checked first, and
        the frontend files are checked only if no normal route matched.

        A typical project could look like this:

        ```text
        .
        ├── pyproject.toml
        ├── app
        │   ├── __init__.py
        │   └── main.py
        └── dist
            ├── index.html
            └── assets
                └── app.js
        ```

        Then in `app/main.py`:

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()
        router.frontend("/", directory="dist")
        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        normalized_path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
        if self._frontend_routes is None:
            self._frontend_routes = _FrontendRouteGroup(
                dependencies=self.dependencies,
                dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
            )
            self._low_priority_routes.append(self._frontend_routes)
        self._frontend_routes.add_frontend_route(
            _join_frontend_paths(self.prefix, normalized_path),
            directory=directory,
            fallback=fallback,
            check_dir=check_dir,
        )
        self._mark_routes_changed()

    async def app(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket", "lifespan")

        if "router" not in scope:
            scope["router"] = self

        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
            await self.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
            return

        partial: tuple[BaseRoute, Scope] | None = None
        for route in self.routes:
            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
            if match == Match.FULL:
                scope.update(child_scope)
                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
                return
            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
                partial = (route, child_scope)

        if partial is not None:
            route, child_scope = partial
            scope.update(child_scope)
            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
            return

        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
        if scope["type"] == "http" and self.redirect_slashes and route_path != "/":
            redirect_scope = dict(scope)
            if route_path.endswith("/"):
                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"].rstrip("/")
            else:
                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"] + "/"

            for route in self.routes:
                match, _ = route.matches(redirect_scope)
                if match != Match.NONE:
                    redirect_url = URL(scope=redirect_scope)
                    response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
                    await response(scope, receive, send)
                    return

        (
            low_priority_match,
            low_priority_scope,
            low_priority_route,
            low_priority_context,
        ) = self._match_low_priority(scope)
        if low_priority_match != Match.NONE and low_priority_route is not None:
            _update_scope(scope, low_priority_scope)
            if low_priority_context is not None:
                _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
                    low_priority_context
                )
                original_route = low_priority_context.original_route
                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
                    scope["route"] = original_route
                    await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
                    return
            await low_priority_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
            return

        await self.default(scope, receive, send)

    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
        if (
            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
            and included_router.original_router is self
        ):
            await included_router._handle_selected(scope, receive, send)
            return
        await self.app(scope, receive, send)

    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
        if (
            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
            and included_router.original_router is self
        ):
            match, child_scope, _, _ = included_router._match(scope)
            return match, child_scope
        return Match.NONE, {}

    def _iter_low_priority_routes(
        self,
    ) -> Iterator[BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext]:
        yield from self._low_priority_routes
        for route in self.routes:
            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
                yield from route.effective_low_priority_routes()

    def _match_low_priority(
        self, scope: Scope
    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
        full: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
        for candidate in self._iter_low_priority_routes():
            route: BaseRoute
            if isinstance(candidate, _EffectiveRouteContext):
                route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = candidate
                original_route = candidate.original_route
                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
                    fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
                    previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
                        _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
                    )
                    fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
                    try:
                        match, child_scope = original_route.matches(scope)
                    finally:
                        _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
                            scope,
                            _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY,
                            previous_context,
                        )
                    route = original_route
                else:
                    match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
                    route = candidate.starlette_route or original_route
            else:
                route_context = None
                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
                route = candidate
            if match == Match.FULL:
                if full is None or self._frontend_match_is_more_specific(
                    child_scope, full[0]
                ):
                    full = (child_scope, route, route_context)
            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
                if partial is None or self._frontend_match_is_more_specific(
                    child_scope, partial[0]
                ):
                    partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
        if full is not None:
            child_scope, route, route_context = full
            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route, route_context
        if partial is not None:
            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None

    def _frontend_match_is_more_specific(
        self, child_scope: Scope, previous_child_scope: Scope
    ) -> bool:
        specificity = _frontend_scope_specificity(child_scope)
        previous_specificity = _frontend_scope_specificity(previous_child_scope)
        if specificity is None or previous_specificity is None:
            return False
        return specificity > previous_specificity

    def route(
        self,
        path: str,
        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
        name: str | None = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_route(
                path,
                func,
                methods=methods,
                name=name,
                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            )
            return func

        return decorator

    def add_api_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
        *,
        response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: int | None = None,
        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        summary: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
        deprecated: bool | None = None,
        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
        operation_id: str | None = None,
        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: str | None = None,
        route_class_override: type[APIRoute] | None = None,
        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
    ) -> None:
        route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
        responses = responses or {}
        combined_responses = {**self.responses, **responses}
        current_response_class = get_value_or_default(
            response_class, self.default_response_class
        )
        current_tags = self.tags.copy()
        if tags:
            current_tags.extend(tags)
        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
        if dependencies:
            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)
        current_callbacks = self.callbacks.copy()
        if callbacks:
            current_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
        current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default(
            generate_unique_id_function, self.generate_unique_id_function
        )
        route = route_class(
            self.prefix + path,
            endpoint=endpoint,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=current_tags,
            dependencies=current_dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=combined_responses,
            deprecated=deprecated or self.deprecated,
            methods=methods,
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema and self.include_in_schema,
            response_class=current_response_class,
            name=name,
            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
            callbacks=current_callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
                strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
            ),
        )
        self.routes.append(route)
        self._mark_routes_changed()

    def api_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        *,
        response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: int | None = None,
        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
        summary: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
        deprecated: bool | None = None,
        methods: list[str] | None = None,
        operation_id: str | None = None,
        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        response_class: type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: str | None = None,
        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
            generate_unique_id
        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_api_route(
                path,
                func,
                response_model=response_model,
                status_code=status_code,
                tags=tags,
                dependencies=dependencies,
                summary=summary,
                description=description,
                response_description=response_description,
                responses=responses,
                deprecated=deprecated,
                methods=methods,
                operation_id=operation_id,
                response_model_include=response_model_include,
                response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
                response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
                response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
                response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
                response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
                response_class=response_class,
                name=name,
                callbacks=callbacks,
                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
            )
            return func

        return decorator

    def add_api_websocket_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
        name: str | None = None,
        *,
        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
        if dependencies:
            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)

        route = APIWebSocketRoute(
            self.prefix + path,
            endpoint=endpoint,
            name=name,
            dependencies=current_dependencies,
            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
        )
        self.routes.append(route)
        self._mark_routes_changed()

    def websocket(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                WebSocket path.
                """
            ),
        ],
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        *,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this
                WebSocket.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Decorate a WebSocket function.

        Read more about it in the
        [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).

        **Example**

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, WebSocket

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.websocket("/ws")
        async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
            await websocket.accept()
            while True:
                data = await websocket.receive_text()
                await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """

        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_api_websocket_route(
                path, func, name=name, dependencies=dependencies
            )
            return func

        return decorator

    def websocket_route(
        self, path: str, name: str | None = None
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name)
            return func

        return decorator

    def include_router(
        self,
        router: Annotated["APIRouter", Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")],
        *,
        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
                router.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
                *path operations* in this router.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        default_response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                The default response class to be used.

                Read more in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).

                And in the
                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
                router.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
                generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> None:
        """
        Include another `APIRouter` in the same current `APIRouter`.

        Read more about it in the
        [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

        app = FastAPI()
        internal_router = APIRouter()
        users_router = APIRouter()

        @users_router.get("/users/")
        def read_users():
            return [{"name": "Rick"}, {"name": "Morty"}]

        internal_router.include_router(users_router)
        app.include_router(internal_router)
        ```
        """
        assert self is not router, (
            "Cannot include the same APIRouter instance into itself. "
            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
        )
        assert not router._contains_router(self), (
            "Cannot include an APIRouter instance that already includes this router. "
            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
        )
        if prefix:
            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
            )
        else:
            for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(router.routes):
                if route_context is None:
                    path = getattr(route, "path", None)
                    name = getattr(route, "name", "unknown")
                elif route_context.starlette_route is not None:
                    path = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "path", None)
                    name = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "name", "unknown")
                else:
                    path = route_context.path
                    name = route_context.name
                if path is not None and not path:
                    raise FastAPIError(
                        f"Prefix and path cannot be both empty (path operation: {name})"
                    )
        include_context = _RouterIncludeContext.for_include(
            parent_router=self,
            included_router=router,
            prefix=prefix,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            default_response_class=default_response_class,
            responses=responses,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )
        self.routes.append(
            _IncludedRouter(original_router=router, include_context=include_context)
        )
        self._mark_routes_changed()
        for handler in router.on_startup:
            self.add_event_handler("startup", handler)
        for handler in router.on_shutdown:
            self.add_event_handler("shutdown", handler)
        self.lifespan_context = _merge_lifespan_context(
            self.lifespan_context,
            router.lifespan_context,
        )

    def get(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.get("/items/")
        def read_items():
            return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}]

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["GET"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def put(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
        from pydantic import BaseModel

        class Item(BaseModel):
            name: str
            description: str | None = None

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.put("/items/{item_id}")
        def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
            return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id}

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["PUT"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def post(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
        from pydantic import BaseModel

        class Item(BaseModel):
            name: str
            description: str | None = None

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.post("/items/")
        def create_item(item: Item):
            return {"message": "Item created"}

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["POST"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def delete(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.delete("/items/{item_id}")
        def delete_item(item_id: str):
            return {"message": "Item deleted"}

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["DELETE"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def options(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.options("/items/")
        def get_item_options():
            return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]}

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["OPTIONS"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def head(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
        from pydantic import BaseModel

        class Item(BaseModel):
            name: str
            description: str | None = None

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.head("/items/", status_code=204)
        def get_items_headers(response: Response):
            response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world"

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["HEAD"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def patch(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
        from pydantic import BaseModel

        class Item(BaseModel):
            name: str
            description: str | None = None

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.patch("/items/")
        def update_item(item: Item):
            return {"message": "Item updated in place"}

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["PATCH"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def trace(
        self,
        path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.

                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
                """
            ),
        ],
        *,
        response_model: Annotated[
            Any,
            Doc(
                """
                The type to use for the response.

                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
                etc.

                It will be used for:

                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
                    corresponding JSON.
                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
                    that `password`.
                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(None),
        status_code: Annotated[
            int | None,
            Doc(
                """
                The default status code to be used for the response.

                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        tags: Annotated[
            list[str | Enum] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        dependencies: Annotated[
            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
                *path operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        summary: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A summary for the *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                A description for the *path operation*.

                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
                of the *path operation function*.

                It can contain Markdown.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_description: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The description for the default response.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = "Successful Response",
        responses: Annotated[
            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        deprecated: Annotated[
            bool | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        operation_id: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.

                By default, it is generated automatically.

                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
                unique for the whole API.

                You can customize the
                operation ID generation with the parameter
                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_include: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
            IncEx | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
                response data.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
                have their default values. This is different from
                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
                as the default.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
                they will be excluded from the response.

                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """
            ),
        ] = False,
        include_in_schema: Annotated[
            bool,
            Doc(
                """
                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.

                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
                """
            ),
        ] = True,
        response_class: Annotated[
            type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.

                This will not be used if you return a response directly.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Annotated[
            str | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        callbacks: Annotated[
            list[BaseRoute] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.

                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
                directly.

                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        openapi_extra: Annotated[
            dict[str, Any] | None,
            Doc(
                """
                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
                operation*.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
            Doc(
                """
                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.

                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
                SDKs for your API.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
                """
            ),
        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation.

        ## Example

        ```python
        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
        from pydantic import BaseModel

        class Item(BaseModel):
            name: str
            description: str | None = None

        app = FastAPI()
        router = APIRouter()

        @router.trace("/items/{item_id}")
        def trace_item(item_id: str):
            return None

        app.include_router(router)
        ```
        """
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
            response_model=response_model,
            status_code=status_code,
            tags=tags,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            summary=summary,
            description=description,
            response_description=response_description,
            responses=responses,
            deprecated=deprecated,
            methods=["TRACE"],
            operation_id=operation_id,
            response_model_include=response_model_include,
            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
    async def _startup(self) -> None:
        """
        Run any `.on_startup` event handlers.

        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.

        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
        """
        for handler in self.on_startup:
            if is_async_callable(handler):
                await handler()
            else:
                handler()

    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
    async def _shutdown(self) -> None:
        """
        Run any `.on_shutdown` event handlers.

        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.

        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
        """
        for handler in self.on_shutdown:
            if is_async_callable(handler):
                await handler()
            else:
                handler()

    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
    def add_event_handler(
        self,
        event_type: str,
        func: Callable[[], Any],
    ) -> None:
        """
        Add an event handler function for startup or shutdown.

        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.

        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
        """
        assert event_type in ("startup", "shutdown")
        if event_type == "startup":
            self.on_startup.append(func)
        else:
            self.on_shutdown.append(func)

    @deprecated(
        """
        on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.

        Read more about it in the
        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
        """
    )
    def on_event(
        self,
        event_type: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """
                The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`.
                """
            ),
        ],
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        """
        Add an event handler for the router.

        `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead.

        Read more about it in the
        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated).
        """

        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_event_handler(event_type, func)
            return func

        return decorator
