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A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
==========================
Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
software.
In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope
Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software
Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a
non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related
Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of
the PSF.
All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for
the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
the various releases.
Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
from compatible? (1)
0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes
2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes
2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes
2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes
2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes
2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes
2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes
2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes
2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes
2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes
2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes
2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes
2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes
2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes
2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes
2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes
2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes
2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes
2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes
3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes
3.0.1 3.0 2009 PSF yes
3.1 3.0.1 2009 PSF yes
3.1.1 3.1 2009 PSF yes
3.1.2 3.1 2010 PSF yes
3.2 3.1 2010 PSF yes
Footnotes:
(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
a modified version without making your changes open source. The
GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
direction to make these releases possible.
B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
===============================================================
PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
--------------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or
in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python.
4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
-------------------------------------------
BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using
this software in source or binary form and its associated
documentation ("the Software").
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,
royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of
law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to
create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture
between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant
permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark
sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the
permissions granted on that web page.
7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
---------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
source or binary form and its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights
Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License
Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with
Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following
unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This
Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet
using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
intellectual property law of the United States, including without
limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such
U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was
previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the
law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License
Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to
Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this
License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This
License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or
trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or
services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
ACCEPT
CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
--------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2012-2024 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
import logging
__version__ = '0.4.0'
class DistlibException(Exception):
pass
try:
from logging import NullHandler
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
def handle(self, record):
pass
def emit(self, record):
pass
def createLock(self):
self.lock = None
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.addHandler(NullHandler())

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import bisect
import io
import logging
import os
import pkgutil
import sys
import types
import zipimport
from . import DistlibException
from .util import cached_property, get_cache_base, Cache
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
cache = None # created when needed
class ResourceCache(Cache):
def __init__(self, base=None):
if base is None:
# Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('resource-cache'))
super(ResourceCache, self).__init__(base)
def is_stale(self, resource, path):
"""
Is the cache stale for the given resource?
:param resource: The :class:`Resource` being cached.
:param path: The path of the resource in the cache.
:return: True if the cache is stale.
"""
# Cache invalidation is a hard problem :-)
return True
def get(self, resource):
"""
Get a resource into the cache,
:param resource: A :class:`Resource` instance.
:return: The pathname of the resource in the cache.
"""
prefix, path = resource.finder.get_cache_info(resource)
if prefix is None:
result = path
else:
result = os.path.join(self.base, self.prefix_to_dir(prefix), path)
dirname = os.path.dirname(result)
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname)
if not os.path.exists(result):
stale = True
else:
stale = self.is_stale(resource, path)
if stale:
# write the bytes of the resource to the cache location
with open(result, 'wb') as f:
f.write(resource.bytes)
return result
class ResourceBase(object):
def __init__(self, finder, name):
self.finder = finder
self.name = name
class Resource(ResourceBase):
"""
A class representing an in-package resource, such as a data file. This is
not normally instantiated by user code, but rather by a
:class:`ResourceFinder` which manages the resource.
"""
is_container = False # Backwards compatibility
def as_stream(self):
"""
Get the resource as a stream.
This is not a property to make it obvious that it returns a new stream
each time.
"""
return self.finder.get_stream(self)
@cached_property
def file_path(self):
global cache
if cache is None:
cache = ResourceCache()
return cache.get(self)
@cached_property
def bytes(self):
return self.finder.get_bytes(self)
@cached_property
def size(self):
return self.finder.get_size(self)
class ResourceContainer(ResourceBase):
is_container = True # Backwards compatibility
@cached_property
def resources(self):
return self.finder.get_resources(self)
class ResourceFinder(object):
"""
Resource finder for file system resources.
"""
if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo', '.class')
else:
skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo')
def __init__(self, module):
self.module = module
self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
self.base = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
def _adjust_path(self, path):
return os.path.realpath(path)
def _make_path(self, resource_name):
# Issue #50: need to preserve type of path on Python 2.x
# like os.path._get_sep
if isinstance(resource_name, bytes): # should only happen on 2.x
sep = b'/'
else:
sep = '/'
parts = resource_name.split(sep)
parts.insert(0, self.base)
result = os.path.join(*parts)
return self._adjust_path(result)
def _find(self, path):
return os.path.exists(path)
def get_cache_info(self, resource):
return None, resource.path
def find(self, resource_name):
path = self._make_path(resource_name)
if not self._find(path):
result = None
else:
if self._is_directory(path):
result = ResourceContainer(self, resource_name)
else:
result = Resource(self, resource_name)
result.path = path
return result
def get_stream(self, resource):
return open(resource.path, 'rb')
def get_bytes(self, resource):
with open(resource.path, 'rb') as f:
return f.read()
def get_size(self, resource):
return os.path.getsize(resource.path)
def get_resources(self, resource):
def allowed(f):
return (f != '__pycache__' and not
f.endswith(self.skipped_extensions))
return set([f for f in os.listdir(resource.path) if allowed(f)])
def is_container(self, resource):
return self._is_directory(resource.path)
_is_directory = staticmethod(os.path.isdir)
def iterator(self, resource_name):
resource = self.find(resource_name)
if resource is not None:
todo = [resource]
while todo:
resource = todo.pop(0)
yield resource
if resource.is_container:
rname = resource.name
for name in resource.resources:
if not rname:
new_name = name
else:
new_name = '/'.join([rname, name])
child = self.find(new_name)
if child.is_container:
todo.append(child)
else:
yield child
class ZipResourceFinder(ResourceFinder):
"""
Resource finder for resources in .zip files.
"""
def __init__(self, module):
super(ZipResourceFinder, self).__init__(module)
archive = self.loader.archive
self.prefix_len = 1 + len(archive)
# PyPy doesn't have a _files attr on zipimporter, and you can't set one
if hasattr(self.loader, '_files'):
self._files = self.loader._files
else:
self._files = zipimport._zip_directory_cache[archive]
self.index = sorted(self._files)
def _adjust_path(self, path):
return path
def _find(self, path):
path = path[self.prefix_len:]
if path in self._files:
result = True
else:
if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
path = path + os.sep
i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
try:
result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
except IndexError:
result = False
if not result:
logger.debug('_find failed: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
else:
logger.debug('_find worked: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
return result
def get_cache_info(self, resource):
prefix = self.loader.archive
path = resource.path[1 + len(prefix):]
return prefix, path
def get_bytes(self, resource):
return self.loader.get_data(resource.path)
def get_stream(self, resource):
return io.BytesIO(self.get_bytes(resource))
def get_size(self, resource):
path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
return self._files[path][3]
def get_resources(self, resource):
path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
path += os.sep
plen = len(path)
result = set()
i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
while i < len(self.index):
if not self.index[i].startswith(path):
break
s = self.index[i][plen:]
result.add(s.split(os.sep, 1)[0]) # only immediate children
i += 1
return result
def _is_directory(self, path):
path = path[self.prefix_len:]
if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
path += os.sep
i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
try:
result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
except IndexError:
result = False
return result
_finder_registry = {
type(None): ResourceFinder,
zipimport.zipimporter: ZipResourceFinder
}
try:
# In Python 3.6, _frozen_importlib -> _frozen_importlib_external
try:
import _frozen_importlib_external as _fi
except ImportError:
import _frozen_importlib as _fi
_finder_registry[_fi.SourceFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
_finder_registry[_fi.FileFinder] = ResourceFinder
# See issue #146
_finder_registry[_fi.SourcelessFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
del _fi
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
pass
def register_finder(loader, finder_maker):
_finder_registry[type(loader)] = finder_maker
_finder_cache = {}
def finder(package):
"""
Return a resource finder for a package.
:param package: The name of the package.
:return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the package.
"""
if package in _finder_cache:
result = _finder_cache[package]
else:
if package not in sys.modules:
__import__(package)
module = sys.modules[package]
path = getattr(module, '__path__', None)
if path is None:
raise DistlibException('You cannot get a finder for a module, '
'only for a package')
loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
finder_maker = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
if finder_maker is None:
raise DistlibException('Unable to locate finder for %r' % package)
result = finder_maker(module)
_finder_cache[package] = result
return result
_dummy_module = types.ModuleType(str('__dummy__'))
def finder_for_path(path):
"""
Return a resource finder for a path, which should represent a container.
:param path: The path.
:return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the path.
"""
result = None
# calls any path hooks, gets importer into cache
pkgutil.get_importer(path)
loader = sys.path_importer_cache.get(path)
finder = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
if finder:
module = _dummy_module
module.__file__ = os.path.join(path, '')
module.__loader__ = loader
result = finder(module)
return result

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
from io import BytesIO
import logging
import os
import re
import struct
import sys
import time
from zipfile import ZipInfo
from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
from .resources import finder
from .util import (FileOperator, get_export_entry, convert_path, get_executable, get_platform, in_venv)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_DEFAULT_MANIFEST = '''
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
processorArchitecture="X86"
name="%s"
type="win32"/>
<!-- Identify the application security requirements. -->
<trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
<security>
<requestedPrivileges>
<requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
</requestedPrivileges>
</security>
</trustInfo>
</assembly>'''.strip()
# check if Python is called on the first line with this expression
FIRST_LINE_RE = re.compile(b'^#!.*pythonw?[0-9.]*([ \t].*)?$')
SCRIPT_TEMPLATE = r'''# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
from %(module)s import %(import_name)s
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(%(func)s())
'''
# Pre-fetch the contents of all executable wrapper stubs.
# This is to address https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12666.
# When updating pip, we rename the old pip in place before installing the
# new version. If we try to fetch a wrapper *after* that rename, the finder
# machinery will be confused as the package is no longer available at the
# location where it was imported from. So we load everything into memory in
# advance.
if os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'nt'):
# Issue 31: don't hardcode an absolute package name, but
# determine it relative to the current package
DISTLIB_PACKAGE = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
WRAPPERS = {
r.name: r.bytes
for r in finder(DISTLIB_PACKAGE).iterator("")
if r.name.endswith(".exe")
}
def enquote_executable(executable):
if ' ' in executable:
# make sure we quote only the executable in case of env
# for example /usr/bin/env "/dir with spaces/bin/jython"
# instead of "/usr/bin/env /dir with spaces/bin/jython"
# otherwise whole
if executable.startswith('/usr/bin/env '):
env, _executable = executable.split(' ', 1)
if ' ' in _executable and not _executable.startswith('"'):
executable = '%s "%s"' % (env, _executable)
else:
if not executable.startswith('"'):
executable = '"%s"' % executable
return executable
# Keep the old name around (for now), as there is at least one project using it!
_enquote_executable = enquote_executable
class ScriptMaker(object):
"""
A class to copy or create scripts from source scripts or callable
specifications.
"""
script_template = SCRIPT_TEMPLATE
executable = None # for shebangs
def __init__(self, source_dir, target_dir, add_launchers=True, dry_run=False, fileop=None):
self.source_dir = source_dir
self.target_dir = target_dir
self.add_launchers = add_launchers
self.force = False
self.clobber = False
# It only makes sense to set mode bits on POSIX.
self.set_mode = (os.name == 'posix') or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'posix')
self.variants = set(('', 'X.Y'))
self._fileop = fileop or FileOperator(dry_run)
self._is_nt = os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'nt')
self.version_info = sys.version_info
def _get_alternate_executable(self, executable, options):
if options.get('gui', False) and self._is_nt: # pragma: no cover
dn, fn = os.path.split(executable)
fn = fn.replace('python', 'pythonw')
executable = os.path.join(dn, fn)
return executable
if sys.platform.startswith('java'): # pragma: no cover
def _is_shell(self, executable):
"""
Determine if the specified executable is a script
(contains a #! line)
"""
try:
with open(executable) as fp:
return fp.read(2) == '#!'
except (OSError, IOError):
logger.warning('Failed to open %s', executable)
return False
def _fix_jython_executable(self, executable):
if self._is_shell(executable):
# Workaround for Jython is not needed on Linux systems.
import java
if java.lang.System.getProperty('os.name') == 'Linux':
return executable
elif executable.lower().endswith('jython.exe'):
# Use wrapper exe for Jython on Windows
return executable
return '/usr/bin/env %s' % executable
def _build_shebang(self, executable, post_interp):
"""
Build a shebang line. In the simple case (on Windows, or a shebang line
which is not too long or contains spaces) use a simple formulation for
the shebang. Otherwise, use /bin/sh as the executable, with a contrived
shebang which allows the script to run either under Python or sh, using
suitable quoting. Thanks to Harald Nordgren for his input.
See also: http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/#length
https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/mach
"""
if os.name != 'posix':
simple_shebang = True
elif getattr(sys, "cross_compiling", False):
# In a cross-compiling environment, the shebang will likely be a
# script; this *must* be invoked with the "safe" version of the
# shebang, or else using os.exec() to run the entry script will
# fail, raising "OSError 8 [Errno 8] Exec format error".
simple_shebang = False
else:
# Add 3 for '#!' prefix and newline suffix.
shebang_length = len(executable) + len(post_interp) + 3
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
max_shebang_length = 512
else:
max_shebang_length = 127
simple_shebang = ((b' ' not in executable) and (shebang_length <= max_shebang_length))
if simple_shebang:
result = b'#!' + executable + post_interp + b'\n'
else:
result = b'#!/bin/sh\n'
result += b"'''exec' " + executable + post_interp + b' "$0" "$@"\n'
result += b"' '''\n"
return result
def _get_shebang(self, encoding, post_interp=b'', options=None):
enquote = True
if self.executable:
executable = self.executable
enquote = False # assume this will be taken care of
elif not sysconfig.is_python_build():
executable = get_executable()
elif in_venv(): # pragma: no cover
executable = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_path('scripts'), 'python%s' % sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE'))
else: # pragma: no cover
if os.name == 'nt':
# for Python builds from source on Windows, no Python executables with
# a version suffix are created, so we use python.exe
executable = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
'python%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
else:
executable = os.path.join(
sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
'python%s%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('VERSION'), sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
if options:
executable = self._get_alternate_executable(executable, options)
if sys.platform.startswith('java'): # pragma: no cover
executable = self._fix_jython_executable(executable)
# Normalise case for Windows - COMMENTED OUT
# executable = os.path.normcase(executable)
# N.B. The normalising operation above has been commented out: See
# issue #124. Although paths in Windows are generally case-insensitive,
# they aren't always. For example, a path containing a ẞ (which is a
# LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S - U+1E9E) is normcased to ß (which is a
# LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S' - U+00DF). The two are not considered by
# Windows as equivalent in path names.
# If the user didn't specify an executable, it may be necessary to
# cater for executable paths with spaces (not uncommon on Windows)
if enquote:
executable = enquote_executable(executable)
# Issue #51: don't use fsencode, since we later try to
# check that the shebang is decodable using utf-8.
executable = executable.encode('utf-8')
# in case of IronPython, play safe and enable frames support
if (sys.platform == 'cli' and '-X:Frames' not in post_interp and
'-X:FullFrames' not in post_interp): # pragma: no cover
post_interp += b' -X:Frames'
shebang = self._build_shebang(executable, post_interp)
# Python parser starts to read a script using UTF-8 until
# it gets a #coding:xxx cookie. The shebang has to be the
# first line of a file, the #coding:xxx cookie cannot be
# written before. So the shebang has to be decodable from
# UTF-8.
try:
shebang.decode('utf-8')
except UnicodeDecodeError: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable from utf-8' % shebang)
# If the script is encoded to a custom encoding (use a
# #coding:xxx cookie), the shebang has to be decodable from
# the script encoding too.
if encoding != 'utf-8':
try:
shebang.decode(encoding)
except UnicodeDecodeError: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable '
'from the script encoding (%r)' % (shebang, encoding))
return shebang
def _get_script_text(self, entry):
return self.script_template % dict(
module=entry.prefix, import_name=entry.suffix.split('.')[0], func=entry.suffix)
manifest = _DEFAULT_MANIFEST
def get_manifest(self, exename):
base = os.path.basename(exename)
return self.manifest % base
def _write_script(self, names, shebang, script_bytes, filenames, ext):
use_launcher = self.add_launchers and self._is_nt
if not use_launcher:
script_bytes = shebang + script_bytes
else: # pragma: no cover
if ext == 'py':
launcher = self._get_launcher('t')
else:
launcher = self._get_launcher('w')
stream = BytesIO()
with ZipFile(stream, 'w') as zf:
source_date_epoch = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH')
if source_date_epoch:
date_time = time.gmtime(int(source_date_epoch))[:6]
zinfo = ZipInfo(filename='__main__.py', date_time=date_time)
zf.writestr(zinfo, script_bytes)
else:
zf.writestr('__main__.py', script_bytes)
zip_data = stream.getvalue()
script_bytes = launcher + shebang + zip_data
for name in names:
outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, name)
if use_launcher: # pragma: no cover
n, e = os.path.splitext(outname)
if e.startswith('.py'):
outname = n
outname = '%s.exe' % outname
try:
self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
except Exception:
# Failed writing an executable - it might be in use.
logger.warning('Failed to write executable - trying to '
'use .deleteme logic')
dfname = '%s.deleteme' % outname
if os.path.exists(dfname):
os.remove(dfname) # Not allowed to fail here
os.rename(outname, dfname) # nor here
self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
logger.debug('Able to replace executable using '
'.deleteme logic')
try:
os.remove(dfname)
except Exception:
pass # still in use - ignore error
else:
if self._is_nt and not outname.endswith('.' + ext): # pragma: no cover
outname = '%s.%s' % (outname, ext)
if os.path.exists(outname) and not self.clobber:
logger.warning('Skipping existing file %s', outname)
continue
self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
if self.set_mode:
self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
filenames.append(outname)
variant_separator = '-'
def get_script_filenames(self, name):
result = set()
if '' in self.variants:
result.add(name)
if 'X' in self.variants:
result.add('%s%s' % (name, self.version_info[0]))
if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
result.add('%s%s%s.%s' % (name, self.variant_separator, self.version_info[0], self.version_info[1]))
return result
def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
post_interp = b''
if options:
args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
if args:
args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
scriptnames = self.get_script_filenames(entry.name)
if options and options.get('gui', False):
ext = 'pyw'
else:
ext = 'py'
self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
def _copy_script(self, script, filenames):
adjust = False
script = os.path.join(self.source_dir, convert_path(script))
outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, os.path.basename(script))
if not self.force and not self._fileop.newer(script, outname):
logger.debug('not copying %s (up-to-date)', script)
return
# Always open the file, but ignore failures in dry-run mode --
# that way, we'll get accurate feedback if we can read the
# script.
try:
f = open(script, 'rb')
except IOError: # pragma: no cover
if not self.dry_run:
raise
f = None
else:
first_line = f.readline()
if not first_line: # pragma: no cover
logger.warning('%s is an empty file (skipping)', script)
return
match = FIRST_LINE_RE.match(first_line.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n'))
if match:
adjust = True
post_interp = match.group(1) or b''
if not adjust:
if f:
f.close()
self._fileop.copy_file(script, outname)
if self.set_mode:
self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
filenames.append(outname)
else:
logger.info('copying and adjusting %s -> %s', script, self.target_dir)
if not self._fileop.dry_run:
encoding, lines = detect_encoding(f.readline)
f.seek(0)
shebang = self._get_shebang(encoding, post_interp)
if b'pythonw' in first_line: # pragma: no cover
ext = 'pyw'
else:
ext = 'py'
n = os.path.basename(outname)
self._write_script([n], shebang, f.read(), filenames, ext)
if f:
f.close()
@property
def dry_run(self):
return self._fileop.dry_run
@dry_run.setter
def dry_run(self, value):
self._fileop.dry_run = value
if os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'nt'): # pragma: no cover
# Executable launcher support.
# Launchers are from https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/simple_launcher/
def _get_launcher(self, kind):
if struct.calcsize('P') == 8: # 64-bit
bits = '64'
else:
bits = '32'
platform_suffix = '-arm' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else ''
name = '%s%s%s.exe' % (kind, bits, platform_suffix)
if name not in WRAPPERS:
msg = ('Unable to find resource %s in package %s' %
(name, DISTLIB_PACKAGE))
raise ValueError(msg)
return WRAPPERS[name]
# Public API follows
def make(self, specification, options=None):
"""
Make a script.
:param specification: The specification, which is either a valid export
entry specification (to make a script from a
callable) or a filename (to make a script by
copying from a source location).
:param options: A dictionary of options controlling script generation.
:return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to.
"""
filenames = []
entry = get_export_entry(specification)
if entry is None:
self._copy_script(specification, filenames)
else:
self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
return filenames
def make_multiple(self, specifications, options=None):
"""
Take a list of specifications and make scripts from them,
:param specifications: A list of specifications.
:return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to,
"""
filenames = []
for specification in specifications:
filenames.extend(self.make(specification, options))
return filenames