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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2008-2020 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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from __future__ import absolute_import
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
# Base Exceptions
class HTTPError(Exception):
"""Base exception used by this module."""
pass
class HTTPWarning(Warning):
"""Base warning used by this module."""
pass
class PoolError(HTTPError):
"""Base exception for errors caused within a pool."""
def __init__(self, pool, message):
self.pool = pool
HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
def __reduce__(self):
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, None)
class RequestError(PoolError):
"""Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."""
def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
self.url = url
PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
def __reduce__(self):
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
class SSLError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."""
pass
class ProxyError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."""
def __init__(self, message, error, *args):
super(ProxyError, self).__init__(message, error, *args)
self.original_error = error
class DecodeError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."""
pass
class ProtocolError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when something unexpected happens mid-request/response."""
pass
#: Renamed to ProtocolError but aliased for backwards compatibility.
ConnectionError = ProtocolError
# Leaf Exceptions
class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
"""Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
:param pool: The connection pool
:type pool: :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
:param string url: The requested Url
:param exceptions.Exception reason: The underlying error
"""
def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
self.reason = reason
message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (url, reason)
RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
class HostChangedError(RequestError):
"""Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."""
def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
self.retries = retries
class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout"""
pass
class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
<ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
"""
pass
class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"""
pass
# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
# base HTTPError
class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"""
pass
class NewConnectionError(ConnectTimeoutError, PoolError):
"""Raised when we fail to establish a new connection. Usually ECONNREFUSED."""
pass
class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
"""Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."""
pass
class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
"""Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."""
pass
class LocationValueError(ValueError, HTTPError):
"""Raised when there is something wrong with a given URL input."""
pass
class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
"""Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."""
def __init__(self, location):
message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
HTTPError.__init__(self, message)
self.location = location
class URLSchemeUnknown(LocationValueError):
"""Raised when a URL input has an unsupported scheme."""
def __init__(self, scheme):
message = "Not supported URL scheme %s" % scheme
super(URLSchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
self.scheme = scheme
class ResponseError(HTTPError):
"""Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."""
GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
"""Warned when performing security reducing actions"""
pass
class SubjectAltNameWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when connecting to a host with a certificate missing a SAN."""
pass
class InsecureRequestWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when making an unverified HTTPS request."""
pass
class SystemTimeWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when system time is suspected to be wrong"""
pass
class InsecurePlatformWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when certain TLS/SSL configuration is not available on a platform."""
pass
class SNIMissingWarning(HTTPWarning):
"""Warned when making a HTTPS request without SNI available."""
pass
class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
"""
Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
dependencies.
"""
pass
class ResponseNotChunked(ProtocolError, ValueError):
"""Response needs to be chunked in order to read it as chunks."""
pass
class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
"""
Body should be :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` like
(have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
"""
pass
class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
"""
Response length doesn't match expected Content-Length
Subclass of :class:`http.client.IncompleteRead` to allow int value
for ``partial`` to avoid creating large objects on streamed reads.
"""
def __init__(self, partial, expected):
super(IncompleteRead, self).__init__(partial, expected)
def __repr__(self):
return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, %i more expected)" % (
self.partial,
self.expected,
)
class InvalidChunkLength(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
"""Invalid chunk length in a chunked response."""
def __init__(self, response, length):
super(InvalidChunkLength, self).__init__(
response.tell(), response.length_remaining
)
self.response = response
self.length = length
def __repr__(self):
return "InvalidChunkLength(got length %r, %i bytes read)" % (
self.length,
self.partial,
)
class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
"""The header provided was somehow invalid."""
pass
class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, URLSchemeUnknown):
"""ProxyManager does not support the supplied scheme"""
# TODO(t-8ch): Stop inheriting from AssertionError in v2.0.
def __init__(self, scheme):
# 'localhost' is here because our URL parser parses
# localhost:8080 -> scheme=localhost, remove if we fix this.
if scheme == "localhost":
scheme = None
if scheme is None:
message = "Proxy URL had no scheme, should start with http:// or https://"
else:
message = (
"Proxy URL had unsupported scheme %s, should use http:// or https://"
% scheme
)
super(ProxySchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
class ProxySchemeUnsupported(ValueError):
"""Fetching HTTPS resources through HTTPS proxies is unsupported"""
pass
class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
"""Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."""
def __init__(self, defects, unparsed_data):
message = "%s, unparsed data: %r" % (defects or "Unknown", unparsed_data)
super(HeaderParsingError, self).__init__(message)
class UnrewindableBodyError(HTTPError):
"""urllib3 encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""
pass

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from __future__ import absolute_import
import email.utils
import mimetypes
import re
from .packages import six
def guess_content_type(filename, default="application/octet-stream"):
"""
Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
:param filename:
The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
:param default:
If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
"""
if filename:
return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
return default
def format_header_param_rfc2231(name, value):
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
strategy defined in RFC 2231.
Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
`RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
:ret:
An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.
"""
if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
value = value.decode("utf-8")
if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
result = u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
try:
result.encode("ascii")
except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
pass
else:
return result
if six.PY2: # Python 2:
value = value.encode("utf-8")
# encode_rfc2231 accepts an encoded string and returns an ascii-encoded
# string in Python 2 but accepts and returns unicode strings in Python 3
value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
value = "%s*=%s" % (name, value)
if six.PY2: # Python 2:
value = value.decode("utf-8")
return value
_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS = {
u"\u0022": u"%22",
# Replace "\" with "\\".
u"\u005C": u"\u005C\u005C",
}
# All control characters from 0x00 to 0x1F *except* 0x1B.
_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update(
{
six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
for cc in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1)
if cc not in (0x1B,)
}
)
def _replace_multiple(value, needles_and_replacements):
def replacer(match):
return needles_and_replacements[match.group(0)]
pattern = re.compile(
r"|".join([re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()])
)
result = pattern.sub(replacer, value)
return result
def format_header_param_html5(name, value):
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
HTML5 strategy.
Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows the `HTML5 Working Draft
Section 4.10.22.7`_ and matches the behavior of curl and modern browsers.
.. _HTML5 Working Draft Section 4.10.22.7:
https://w3c.github.io/html/sec-forms.html#multipart-form-data
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
:ret:
A unicode string, stripped of troublesome characters.
"""
if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
value = value.decode("utf-8")
value = _replace_multiple(value, _HTML5_REPLACEMENTS)
return u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
# For backwards-compatibility.
format_header_param = format_header_param_html5
class RequestField(object):
"""
A data container for request body parameters.
:param name:
The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
:param data:
The data/value body.
:param filename:
An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
:param headers:
An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
:param header_formatter:
An optional callable that is used to encode and format the headers. By
default, this is :func:`format_header_param_html5`.
"""
def __init__(
self,
name,
data,
filename=None,
headers=None,
header_formatter=format_header_param_html5,
):
self._name = name
self._filename = filename
self.data = data
self.headers = {}
if headers:
self.headers = dict(headers)
self.header_formatter = header_formatter
@classmethod
def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value, header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
"""
A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
(filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
For example::
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
"""
if isinstance(value, tuple):
if len(value) == 3:
filename, data, content_type = value
else:
filename, data = value
content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
else:
filename = None
content_type = None
data = value
request_param = cls(
fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
)
request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
return request_param
def _render_part(self, name, value):
"""
Overridable helper function to format a single header parameter. By
default, this calls ``self.header_formatter``.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
"""
return self.header_formatter(name, value)
def _render_parts(self, header_parts):
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header.
Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
'Content-Disposition' fields.
:param header_parts:
A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
"""
parts = []
iterable = header_parts
if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
iterable = header_parts.items()
for name, value in iterable:
if value is not None:
parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
return u"; ".join(parts)
def render_headers(self):
"""
Renders the headers for this request field.
"""
lines = []
sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
for sort_key in sort_keys:
if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
if header_name not in sort_keys:
if header_value:
lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (header_name, header_value))
lines.append(u"\r\n")
return u"\r\n".join(lines)
def make_multipart(
self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None
):
"""
Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
"Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
:param content_type:
The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
:param content_location:
The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
"""
self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition or u"form-data"
self.headers["Content-Disposition"] += u"; ".join(
[
u"",
self._render_parts(
((u"name", self._name), (u"filename", self._filename))
),
]
)
self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location

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from __future__ import absolute_import
import binascii
import codecs
import os
from io import BytesIO
from .fields import RequestField
from .packages import six
from .packages.six import b
writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
def choose_boundary():
"""
Our embarrassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
"""
boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
if not six.PY2:
boundary = boundary.decode("ascii")
return boundary
def iter_field_objects(fields):
"""
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
:class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
"""
if isinstance(fields, dict):
i = six.iteritems(fields)
else:
i = iter(fields)
for field in i:
if isinstance(field, RequestField):
yield field
else:
yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
def iter_fields(fields):
"""
.. deprecated:: 1.6
Iterate over fields.
The addition of :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` makes this function
obsolete. Instead, use :func:`iter_field_objects`, which returns
:class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` objects.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
"""
if isinstance(fields, dict):
return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
"""
Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
:param fields:
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
:param boundary:
If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
:func:`urllib3.filepost.choose_boundary`.
"""
body = BytesIO()
if boundary is None:
boundary = choose_boundary()
for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
body.write(b("--%s\r\n" % (boundary)))
writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
data = field.data
if isinstance(data, int):
data = str(data) # Backwards compatibility
if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
writer(body).write(data)
else:
body.write(data)
body.write(b"\r\n")
body.write(b("--%s--\r\n" % (boundary)))
content_type = str("multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary)
return body.getvalue(), content_type

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from __future__ import absolute_import
import collections
import functools
import logging
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict, RecentlyUsedContainer
from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, port_by_scheme
from .exceptions import (
LocationValueError,
MaxRetryError,
ProxySchemeUnknown,
ProxySchemeUnsupported,
URLSchemeUnknown,
)
from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
from .request import RequestMethods
from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.url import parse_url
__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SSL_KEYWORDS = (
"key_file",
"cert_file",
"cert_reqs",
"ca_certs",
"ssl_version",
"ca_cert_dir",
"ssl_context",
"key_password",
"server_hostname",
)
# All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
# pools, or the underlying connections. This is used to construct a pool key.
_key_fields = (
"key_scheme", # str
"key_host", # str
"key_port", # int
"key_timeout", # int or float or Timeout
"key_retries", # int or Retry
"key_strict", # bool
"key_block", # bool
"key_source_address", # str
"key_key_file", # str
"key_key_password", # str
"key_cert_file", # str
"key_cert_reqs", # str
"key_ca_certs", # str
"key_ssl_version", # str
"key_ca_cert_dir", # str
"key_ssl_context", # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
"key_maxsize", # int
"key_headers", # dict
"key__proxy", # parsed proxy url
"key__proxy_headers", # dict
"key__proxy_config", # class
"key_socket_options", # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
"key__socks_options", # dict
"key_assert_hostname", # bool or string
"key_assert_fingerprint", # str
"key_server_hostname", # str
)
#: The namedtuple class used to construct keys for the connection pool.
#: All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
PoolKey = collections.namedtuple("PoolKey", _key_fields)
_proxy_config_fields = ("ssl_context", "use_forwarding_for_https")
ProxyConfig = collections.namedtuple("ProxyConfig", _proxy_config_fields)
def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
"""
Create a pool key out of a request context dictionary.
According to RFC 3986, both the scheme and host are case-insensitive.
Therefore, this function normalizes both before constructing the pool
key for an HTTPS request. If you wish to change this behaviour, provide
alternate callables to ``key_fn_by_scheme``.
:param key_class:
The class to use when constructing the key. This should be a namedtuple
with the ``scheme`` and ``host`` keys at a minimum.
:type key_class: namedtuple
:param request_context:
A dictionary-like object that contain the context for a request.
:type request_context: dict
:return: A namedtuple that can be used as a connection pool key.
:rtype: PoolKey
"""
# Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
context = request_context.copy()
context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
# These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
if key in context and context[key] is not None:
context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
# The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
# tuple.
socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
if socket_opts is not None:
context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
# Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
# namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
for key in list(context.keys()):
context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
# Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
for field in key_class._fields:
if field not in context:
context[field] = None
return key_class(**context)
#: A dictionary that maps a scheme to a callable that creates a pool key.
#: This can be used to alter the way pool keys are constructed, if desired.
#: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
#: globally here, or individually on the instance.
key_fn_by_scheme = {
"http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
"https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
}
pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
"""
Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
necessary connection pools for you.
:param num_pools:
Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
recently used pool.
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
:param \\**connection_pool_kw:
Additional parameters are used to create fresh
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
Example::
>>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/mail')
>>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
>>> len(manager.pools)
2
"""
proxy = None
proxy_config = None
def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools)
# Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
# override them.
self.pool_classes_by_scheme = pool_classes_by_scheme
self.key_fn_by_scheme = key_fn_by_scheme.copy()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
self.clear()
# Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
return False
def _new_pool(self, scheme, host, port, request_context=None):
"""
Create a new :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on host, port, scheme, and
any additional pool keyword arguments.
If ``request_context`` is provided, it is provided as keyword arguments
to the pool class used. This method is used to actually create the
connection pools handed out by :meth:`connection_from_url` and
companion methods. It is intended to be overridden for customization.
"""
pool_cls = self.pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
if request_context is None:
request_context = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
# Although the context has everything necessary to create the pool,
# this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
# in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
# be removed.
for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
request_context.pop(key, None)
if scheme == "http":
for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
request_context.pop(kw, None)
return pool_cls(host, port, **request_context)
def clear(self):
"""
Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
re-used after completion.
"""
self.pools.clear()
def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``. If ``pool_kwargs`` is
provided, it is merged with the instance's ``connection_pool_kw``
variable and used to create the new connection pool, if one is
needed.
"""
if not host:
raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
if not port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
request_context["port"] = port
request_context["host"] = host
return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
def connection_from_context(self, request_context):
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the request context.
``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
"""
scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme.get(scheme)
if not pool_key_constructor:
raise URLSchemeUnknown(scheme)
pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
return self.connection_from_pool_key(pool_key, request_context=request_context)
def connection_from_pool_key(self, pool_key, request_context=None):
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the provided pool key.
``pool_key`` should be a namedtuple that only contains immutable
objects. At a minimum it must have the ``scheme``, ``host``, and
``port`` fields.
"""
with self.pools.lock:
# If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
# connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
if pool:
return pool
# Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
scheme = request_context["scheme"]
host = request_context["host"]
port = request_context["port"]
pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
self.pools[pool_key] = pool
return pool
def connection_from_url(self, url, pool_kwargs=None):
"""
Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url`.
If ``pool_kwargs`` is not provided and a new pool needs to be
constructed, ``self.connection_pool_kw`` is used to initialize
the :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool`. If ``pool_kwargs``
is provided, it is used instead. Note that if a new pool does not
need to be created for the request, the provided ``pool_kwargs`` are
not used.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
return self.connection_from_host(
u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
)
def _merge_pool_kwargs(self, override):
"""
Merge a dictionary of override values for self.connection_pool_kw.
This does not modify self.connection_pool_kw and returns a new dict.
Any keys in the override dictionary with a value of ``None`` are
removed from the merged dictionary.
"""
base_pool_kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
if override:
for key, value in override.items():
if value is None:
try:
del base_pool_kwargs[key]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
base_pool_kwargs[key] = value
return base_pool_kwargs
def _proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(self, parsed_url):
"""
Indicates if the proxy requires the complete destination URL in the
request. Normally this is only needed when not using an HTTP CONNECT
tunnel.
"""
if self.proxy is None:
return False
return not connection_requires_http_tunnel(
self.proxy, self.proxy_config, parsed_url.scheme
)
def _validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(self, url_scheme):
"""
Validates that were not attempting to do TLS in TLS connections on
Python2 or with unsupported SSL implementations.
"""
if self.proxy is None or url_scheme != "https":
return
if self.proxy.scheme != "https":
return
if six.PY2 and not self.proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https:
raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
"Contacting HTTPS destinations through HTTPS proxies "
"'via CONNECT tunnels' is not supported in Python 2"
)
def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
"""
Same as :meth:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
portion of the ``url``.
The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
self._validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(u.scheme)
conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
kw["assert_same_host"] = False
kw["redirect"] = False
if "headers" not in kw:
kw["headers"] = self.headers.copy()
if self._proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(u):
response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
else:
response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if not redirect_location:
return response
# Support relative URLs for redirecting.
redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
if response.status == 303:
# Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
method = "GET"
# And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
kw["body"] = None
kw["headers"] = HTTPHeaderDict(kw["headers"])._prepare_for_method_change()
retries = kw.get("retries")
if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
# Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
# Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
# conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
redirect_location
):
headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw["headers"]))
for header in headers:
if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
kw["headers"].pop(header, None)
try:
retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
except MaxRetryError:
if retries.raise_on_redirect:
response.drain_conn()
raise
return response
kw["retries"] = retries
kw["redirect"] = redirect
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
response.drain_conn()
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
"""
Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
:param proxy_url:
The URL of the proxy to be used.
:param proxy_headers:
A dictionary containing headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
authentication.
:param proxy_ssl_context:
The proxy SSL context is used to establish the TLS connection to the
proxy when using HTTPS proxies.
:param use_forwarding_for_https:
(Defaults to False) If set to True will forward requests to the HTTPS
proxy to be made on behalf of the client instead of creating a TLS
tunnel via the CONNECT method. **Enabling this flag means that request
and response headers and content will be visible from the HTTPS proxy**
whereas tunneling keeps request and response headers and content
private. IP address, target hostname, SNI, and port are always visible
to an HTTPS proxy even when this flag is disabled.
Example:
>>> proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager('http://localhost:3128/')
>>> r1 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
>>> r2 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
>>> len(proxy.pools)
1
>>> r3 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
>>> r4 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://twitter.com/')
>>> len(proxy.pools)
3
"""
def __init__(
self,
proxy_url,
num_pools=10,
headers=None,
proxy_headers=None,
proxy_ssl_context=None,
use_forwarding_for_https=False,
**connection_pool_kw
):
if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
proxy_url = "%s://%s:%i" % (
proxy_url.scheme,
proxy_url.host,
proxy_url.port,
)
proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
if proxy.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
raise ProxySchemeUnknown(proxy.scheme)
if not proxy.port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
self.proxy = proxy
self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
self.proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(proxy_ssl_context, use_forwarding_for_https)
connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
connection_pool_kw["_proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
if scheme == "https":
return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
)
return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
)
def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
"""
Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
"""
headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
if netloc:
headers_["Host"] = netloc
if headers:
headers_.update(headers)
return headers_
def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
"Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
u = parse_url(url)
if not connection_requires_http_tunnel(self.proxy, self.proxy_config, u.scheme):
# For connections using HTTP CONNECT, httplib sets the necessary
# headers on the CONNECT to the proxy. If we're not using CONNECT,
# we'll definitely need to set 'Host' at the very least.
headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
def proxy_from_url(url, **kw):
return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)